Understanding the gender disparity in HIV infection across countries in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys
Understanding the gender disparity in HIV infection across countries in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from the Demographic and Health Surveys
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9566.2010.01304.x
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发表时间：
2011-05-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Magadi, Monica Akinyi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Magadi, Monica Akinyi
撒哈拉以南非洲妇女在人体免疫机能丧失病毒（艾滋病毒）感染方面承受着不成比例的负担，而她们在社会中的作用和生物脆弱性又加剧了这一负担。这一条的具体目标是：㈠确定艾滋病毒感染方面的性别差异程度; ㈡审查艾滋病毒/获得性免疫缺陷综合症（艾滋病）认识和性行为因素对性别差异的作用; ㈢确定不同特征的个人之间和各国之间的性别差异如何变化。该分析涉及对2003-2008年期间在撒哈拉以南非洲20个国家进行的人口与健康调查汇总数据进行的多层次逻辑回归分析。研究结果表明，撒哈拉以南非洲的妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险平均比男性高60%。女性发生类似性行为的风险比男性高70%，这表明观察到的性别差异不能归因于性行为。结果表明，在撒哈拉以南非洲各国，年轻人、女户主家庭、没有稳定的婚姻或婚姻伙伴关系或初次性行为较早的妇女感染艾滋病毒的风险（与男子相比）进一步加剧。
Women in sub-Saharan Africa bear a disproportionate burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections, which is exacerbated by their role in society and biological vulnerability. The specific objectives of this article are to (i) determine the extent of gender disparity in HIV infection; (ii) examine the role of HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) awareness and sexual behaviour factors on the gender disparity and (iii) establish how the gender disparity varies between individuals of different characteristics and across countries. The analysis involves multilevel logistic regression analysis applied to pooled Demographic and Health Surveys data from 20 countries in sub-Saharan Africa conducted during 2003-2008. The findings suggest that women in sub-Saharan Africa have on average a 60% higher risk of HIV infection than their male counterparts. The risk for women is 70% higher than their male counterparts of similar sexual behaviour, suggesting that the observed gender disparity cannot be attributed to sexual behaviour. The results suggest that the risk of HIV infection among women (compared to men) across countries in sub-Saharan Africa is further aggravated among those who are younger, in female-headed households, not in stable unions or marital partnerships or had an earlier sexual debut.