Automated vocabulary discovery for geo-parsing online epidemic intelligence
Automated vocabulary discovery for geo-parsing online epidemic intelligence
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DOI：
10.1186/1471-2105-10-385
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发表时间：
2009-11-24
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Brownstein, John S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Keller, Mikaela;Freifeld, Clark C.;Brownstein, John S.
背景：互联网的自动监测为全球新出现的传染病威胁提供了及时和敏感的预警方法。HealthMap是新一代在线系统的一部分，旨在实时监测和可视化在线新闻媒体和公共卫生来源报告的疾病爆发警报。健康地图是国家和国际公共卫生组织和国际旅行者的具体利益。使这种监测有用的一项特定任务是自动发现检索到的爆发警报中包含的地理参考。这个任务有时被称为“地理解析”。一个典型的方法，地理解析将需要一个昂贵的训练语料库的警报手动标记由human.Results：鉴于人类读者执行这种任务，通过使用他们的词汇和上下文知识，我们开发了一种方法，它依赖于一个相对较小的专家建立的地名词典，从而限制了人类输入的需要，但侧重于学习的背景下，地理参考出现。我们在一组实验中表明，这种方法表现出很大的能力，发现地理位置以外的其初始lexicon.Conclusion：这一分析的结果提供了一个框架，为未来的自动化全球监测工作，减少人工输入，提高报告的及时性。
Background: Automated surveillance of the Internet provides a timely and sensitive method for alerting on global emerging infectious disease threats. HealthMap is part of a new generation of online systems designed to monitor and visualize, on a real-time basis, disease outbreak alerts as reported by online news media and public health sources. HealthMap is of specific interest for national and international public health organizations and international travelers. A particular task that makes such a surveillance useful is the automated discovery of the geographic references contained in the retrieved outbreak alerts. This task is sometimes referred to as "geo-parsing". A typical approach to geo-parsing would demand an expensive training corpus of alerts manually tagged by a human.Results: Given that human readers perform this kind of task by using both their lexical and contextual knowledge, we developed an approach which relies on a relatively small expert-built gazetteer, thus limiting the need of human input, but focuses on learning the context in which geographic references appear. We show in a set of experiments, that this approach exhibits a substantial capacity to discover geographic locations outside of its initial lexicon.Conclusion: The results of this analysis provide a framework for future automated global surveillance efforts that reduce manual input and improve timeliness of reporting.