Perspectives regarding the use of metallurgical slags as secondary metal resources - A review of bioleaching approaches.
Perspectives regarding the use of metallurgical slags as secondary metal resources - A review of bioleaching approaches.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.04.083
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
A. Potysz;E. V. van Hullebusch;J. Kierczak
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Potysz;E. V. van Hullebusch;J. Kierczak
冶炼活动就其本质而言会产生大量含金属的废物，通常称为冶金渣。过去，工业界常常在没有适当环境监督的情况下在倾倒场处置这些废物。一旦到达那里，正在进行的地球化学过程会影响炉渣的稳定性，并导致金属污染物的释放。然而，不应将冶金炉渣视为废物，而应将这些矿床视为二次金属资源。金属生物浸出是一种“绿色”的冶金渣处理方法，目前正在实验室条件下进行研究。在生物浸提阶段获得的负载金属的浸出液必须进行进一步的回收操作，以获得感兴趣的金属，从而达到可能的最高纯度水平。本文探讨了贱金属渣作为二次金属资源再利用的可行性。特别关注的是目前的实验室生物沥滤方法和相关的处理障碍。进一步的研究方向，开发更有效的方法，废渣处理也突出显示。炉渣处理的优化程序被定义为本次审查的结果，并应包括以下步骤：i）炉渣表征（化学和相组成和缓冲能力）的初始pH值的选择，ii）颗粒大小的选择，iii）液固比的选择，iv）微生物的选择，v）最佳营养供应（生长培养基组成）的选择。所有这些参数的最佳组合将导致有效的提取和产生无金属的固体残留物。
Smelting activity by its very nature produces large amounts of metal-bearing waste, often called metallurgical slag(s). In the past, industry used to dispose of these waste products at dumping sites without the appropriate environmental oversight. Once there, ongoing biogeochemical processes affect the stability of the slags and cause the release of metallic contaminants. Rather than viewing metallurgical slags as waste, however, such deposits should be viewed as secondary metal resources. Metal bioleaching is a “green” treatment route for metallurgical slags, currently being studied under laboratory conditions. Metal-laden leachates obtained at the bioleaching stage have to be subjected to further recovery operations in order to obtain metal(s) of interest to achieve the highest levels of purity possible. This perspective paper considers the feasibility of the reuse of base-metal slags as secondary metal resources. Special focus is given to current laboratory bioleaching approaches and associated processing obstacles. Further directions of research for development of more efficient methods for waste slag treatment are also highlighted. The optimized procedure for slag treatment is defined as the result of this review and should include following steps: i) slag characterization (chemical and phase composition and buffering capacity) following the choice of initial pH, ii) the choice of particle size, iii) the choice of the liquid-to-solid ratio, iv) the choice of microorganisms, v) the choice of optimal nutrient supply (growth medium composition). An optimal combination of all these parameters will lead to efficient extraction and generation of metal-free solid residue.