How do they get by without cars? An analysis of travel characteristics of carless households in California
How do they get by without cars? An analysis of travel characteristics of carless households in California
复制标题
没有汽车，他们如何生活？
DOI：
10.1007/s11116-019-09994-6
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
J. Saphores
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Mitra;J. Saphores
尽管在美国有相当数量的机动车，但我们对没有机动车的家庭(在这里被称为“无车”)的出行行为的理解是粗略的。这篇论文的目标是开始填补加州的这一空白。我们根据2012年加州家庭旅行调查(CHTS)的一个问题，将无车家庭归类为自愿无车、非自愿无车或不可分类，然后执行参数和非参数检验来分析来自CHTS的出行数据。我们发现，我们不同类别的无车家庭之间存在着实质性的差异。与自愿无车的同龄人相比，无车家庭出行频率较低，出行时间较长，花费的时间更多，部分原因是他们的环境没有很好地适应他们的需求。他们也更少步行/骑自行车，更多地依赖交通工具，当他们乘坐机动车出行时，入住率通常会更高。他们的出行时间中值更长，但值得注意的是，自愿无车和机动家庭的出行时间相似。总体而言，不由自主的无车家庭流动性较差，这可能会导致生活方式更加孤立，幸福感较低。与机动化家庭相比，无车家庭对机动车的依赖要少得多，而对交通、步行和骑自行车的依赖要多得多。他们的出行次数也不到一半，出行距离的中位数不到一半。这项研究是更好地理解无车家庭交通模式的第一步。
In spite of their substantial number in the U.S., our understanding of the travel behavior of households who do not own motor vehicles (labeled “carless” herein) is sketchy. The goal of this paper is to start filling this gap for California. We perform parametric and non-parametric tests to analyze trip data from the 2012 California Household Travel Survey (CHTS) after classifying carless households as voluntarily carless, involuntarily carless, or unclassifiable based on a CHTS question that inquires why a carless household does not own any motor vehicle. We find substantial differences between our different categories of carless households. Compared to their voluntarily carless peers, involuntarily carless households travel less frequently, their trips are longer and they take more time, partly because their environment is not as well adapted to their needs. They also walk/bike less, depend more on transit, and when they travel by motor vehicle, occupancy is typically higher. Their median travel time is longer, but remarkably, it is similar for voluntarily carless and motorized households. Overall, involuntarily carless households are less mobile, which may contribute to a more isolated lifestyle with a lower degree of well-being. Compared to motorized households, carless households rely a lot less on motor vehicles and much more on transit, walking, and biking. They also take less than half as many trips and their median trip distance is less than half as short. This study is a first step toward better understanding the transportation patterns of carless households.