Preparing for invasion: Assessing risk of infection by chytrid fungi in southeastern plethodontid salamanders
Preparing for invasion: Assessing risk of infection by chytrid fungi in southeastern plethodontid salamanders
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/jez.2427
复制
发表时间：
2020-11-10
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Longo, Ana V.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Friday, Brenna;Holzheuser, Chace;Longo, Ana V.
要了解幼稚群落对多宿主病原体入侵的反应，需要准确地估计不同分类群的易感性。在美洲，第二种两栖致病真菌(Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans，Bsal)的可能出现要求采用新的方法来优先考虑物种间的疾病缓解，因为感染树突巴氏杆菌(Bd)的幼稚宿主具有高度的多样性。在这里，我们应用致病潜力的概念来量化壶菌对幼稚两栖动物的毒力，并评估在暴发事件中进行保护的物种。这一措施的好处是，它将疾病影响的变化合并并汇总到一个单一的数字指数中，允许跨物种、种群或个体群体进行比较，这些物种、种群或个体群体可能固有地表现出易感性的差异。作为概念的证明，我们通过对来自美国东南部的五只多齿火蜥蜴进行实验性感染，获得了疾病严重程度的标准化反应。在实验开始时，五分之四的物种携带Bd的自然感染。我们发现Bsal在一个已经在衰退的物种中表现出了最高的致病潜能值。我们发现，这一指数提供了比疾病流行率、强度和死亡率的标准衡量标准更多的信息，因为它利用了每个类别组中的这些疾病参数。科学家和实践者可以利用这一措施来证明研究、资金、贸易或保护措施的合理性。
Understanding the responses of naive communities to the invasion of multihost pathogens requires accurate estimates of susceptibility across taxa. In the Americas, the likely emergence of a second amphibian pathogenic fungus (Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans, Bsal) calls for new ways of prioritizing disease mitigation among species due to the high diversity of naive hosts with prior B. dendrobatidis (Bd) infections. Here, we applied the concept of pathogenic potential to quantify the virulence of chytrid fungi on naive amphibians and evaluate species for conservation efforts in the event of an outbreak. The benefit of this measure is that it combines and summarizes the variation in disease effects into a single numerical index, allowing for comparisons across species, populations or groups of individuals that may inherently exhibit differences in susceptibility. As a proof of concept, we obtained standardized responses of disease severity by performing experimental infections with Bsal on five plethodontid salamanders from southeastern United States. Four out of five species carried natural infections of Bd at the start of the experiments. We showed that Bsal exhibited its highest value of pathogenic potential in a species that is already declining (Desmognathus auriculatus). We find that this index provides additional information beyond the standard measures of disease prevalence, intensity, and mortality, because it leveraged these disease parameters within each categorical group. Scientists and practitioners could use this measure to justify research, funding, trade, or conservation measures.