Signalling Between Neuronal and Glial Cells
Signalling Between Neuronal and Glial Cells
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神经元和神经胶质细胞之间的信号传导
DOI：
10.1007/978-3-642-68466-1_12
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发表时间：
1982
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
R. Orkand
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Orkand
维持正常的神经系统功能似乎涉及神经元及其相关细胞神经胶质之间的持续交流。许多可能的机制存在于两种细胞类型之间的信息传递，这两种细胞类型仅被狭窄的，200A宽的细胞外间隙分开。越来越多的证据表明，其中有几种已经被使用。这些包括：1)一个细胞的活性改变了细胞外间隙的离子组成，这种变化被另一个细胞检测到。神经元释放K+使神经胶质去极化就是这样一个例子。2)神经递质药物，包括氨基酸及其衍生物、生物胺和肽，用于神经元信号传导，也作用于附近神经胶质细胞的膜或细胞内位点，并改变其代谢。3)大分子，尤其是蛋白质，通过吞噬作用或胞吐和胞吞作用的结合在细胞间交换。神经细胞释放的某些物质在细胞外间隙的积聚，作为神经胶质细胞清除细胞外空间物质的信号，维持细胞外液的恒定。尽管有证据表明细胞之间存在其他功能相互作用，但在大多数情况下，特定的信号传导过程定义不清，其生理意义也不明确。
The maintenance of normal nervous system function appears to involve continuous communication between neurons and their associated cells, the neuroglia. Many possible mechanisms exist for the transfer of information between the two cell types which are separated only by narrow, 200A wide, extracellular clefts. There is increasing evidence that several of these are used. These include: 1) Activity in one cell varies the ionic composition of the extracellular cleft and this change is detected by the other cell. The release of K+ from neurons to depolarize glia is one such example. 2) Neurotransmitter agents, including amino acids and their derivatives, biogenic amines and peptides, used in neuronal signalling also act at membrane or intracellular loci of the nearby glial cells and alter their metabolism. 3) Macromolecules, especially proteins, are exchanged between the cells by phagocytosis or a combination of exocytosis and endocytosis. The accumulation in the extracellular clefts of some substances released from neurons serves as a signal to the glial cells to clear that substance from the extracellular space and maintain the constancy of the extracellular fluid. Although there is evidence for other functional interactions between the cells, for the most part the specific signalling processes are poorly defined and their physiological significance obscure.