Cell biology of fat storage.
Cell biology of fat storage.
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DOI：
10.1091/mbc.e15-10-0749
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发表时间：
2016-08-15
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Spiegelman BM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cohen P;Spiegelman BM
肥胖症和2型糖尿病的全球流行极大地增加了对脂肪组织的生物学和生理学的兴趣。脂肪细胞专门以甘油三酯的形式储存能量，但过去几十年的研究表明，脂肪细胞在感知和响应全身能量平衡变化方面也起着关键作用。白色脂肪细胞分泌重要的脂肪样分子，如瘦素、脂联素和脂蛋白酶，影响食物摄入、胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素分泌等过程。另一方面，棕色脂肪以热量的形式耗散化学能，从而防止体温过低、肥胖和糖尿病。现在认识到有两种不同类型的产热脂肪细胞，称为棕色和米色脂肪细胞。除了脂肪细胞的这些独特特性之外，脂肪细胞存在于脂肪组织内，在那里它们与免疫细胞动态通信，并受到神经支配和血液供应的密切影响。这篇综述旨在作为脂肪细胞生物学的介绍，并使读者熟悉这些细胞类型如何在代谢疾病中发挥作用，并可能作为治疗发展的目标。
The worldwide epidemic of obesity and type 2 diabetes has greatly increased interest in the biology and physiology of adipose tissues. Adipose (fat) cells are specialized for the storage of energy in the form of triglycerides, but research in the last few decades has shown that fat cells also play a critical role in sensing and responding to changes in systemic energy balance. White fat cells secrete important hormone-like molecules such as leptin, adiponectin, and adipsin to influence processes such as food intake, insulin sensitivity, and insulin secretion. Brown fat, on the other hand, dissipates chemical energy in the form of heat, thereby defending against hypothermia, obesity, and diabetes. It is now appreciated that there are two distinct types of thermogenic fat cells, termed brown and beige adipocytes. In addition to these distinct properties of fat cells, adipocytes exist within adipose tissue, where they are in dynamic communication with immune cells and closely influenced by innervation and blood supply. This review is intended to serve as an introduction to adipose cell biology and to familiarize the reader with how these cell types play a role in metabolic disease and, perhaps, as targets for therapeutic development.