Grappling with Proteus: population-level approaches to understanding microbial diversity
Grappling with Proteus: population-level approaches to understanding microbial diversity
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2012.00336
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Buckley, Daniel H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Choudoir, Mallory J.;Campbell, Ashley N.;Buckley, Daniel H.
微生物种群遗传学和基因组学的新兴领域提供了一个途径来研究生态规则，管理社区如何形成，功能和进化。我们之所以难以理解微生物多样性的原因和后果，是因为我们无法定义在生态和进化上有意义的多样性单位。基于16S rRNA的工具在绘制微生物多样性图表方面非常有用，但可能缺乏足够的灵敏度来回答有关微生物生态学和进化的许多问题。以更高的分辨率检查遗传多样性对于理解塑造社区结构的力量至关重要。通过全基因组测序、多位点序列分析或单核苷酸多态性分析实现的群体遗传分析允许测试与特定微生物谱系的地理分布、迁移和栖息地偏好有关的假设。此外，这些方法可以揭示种群和社区内部和之间的基因交换模式。来自微生物种群遗传学和种群基因组学的工具可用于提高我们测量微生物多样性的分辨率，从而能够关注生态过程影响进化事件的遗传多样性规模。这种更紧密的关注有望提高我们对微生物群落结构的原因和后果的理解。
The emerging fields of microbial population genetics and genomics provide an avenue to study the ecological rules that govern how communities form, function, and evolve. Our struggle to understand the causes and consequences of microbial diversity stems from our inability to define ecologically and evolutionarily meaningful units of diversity. The 16S rRNA-based tools that have been so useful in charting microbial diversity may lack sufficient sensitivity to answer many questions about the ecology and evolution of microbes. Examining genetic diversity with increased resolution is vital to understanding the forces shaping community structure. Population genetic analyses enabled by whole genome sequencing, multilocus sequence analyses, or single-nucleotide polymorphism analyses permit the testing of hypotheses pertaining to the geographic distribution, migration, and habitat preference of specific microbial lineages. Furthermore, these approaches can reveal patterns of gene exchange within and between populations and communities. Tools from microbial population genetics and population genomics can be used to increase the resolution with which we measure microbial diversity, enabling a focus on the scale of genetic diversity at which ecological processes impact evolutionary events. This tighter focus promises to improve our understanding of the causes and consequences of microbial community structure.