The Latest Developments In the Design And Simulation of Deepwater Subsea Oil And Gas Pipelines Using FEA
The Latest Developments In the Design And Simulation of Deepwater Subsea Oil And Gas Pipelines Using FEA
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利用有限元分析 (FEA) 进行深水海底油气管道设计与仿真的最新进展
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Jason Sun
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作者：
P. Jukes;A. Eltaher;Jason Sun
本文概述了先进的有限元分析（FEA）工具如何用于海底管道和组件的设计和模拟的最新发展。通过使用这些工具，可以针对以前不可能实现的复杂场景进行设计，并应对深水和高温环境下的管中管（PIP）等关键技术设计挑战。本文分为三个主要部分，涵盖了使用前沿的有限元分析工具进行管道和部件的设计和仿真。第一部分使用名为“模拟器”的高度非线性有限元（FE）程序对管道进行“全局”分析，并使用ABAQUS作为有限元引擎。这些工具可用于复杂的设计案例，如侧向屈曲、隆起屈曲、卷绕和安装分析、单管和管中响应、管-土相互作用、疲劳、扩展跨度分析和热屈曲管理。本文的第二部分演示了如何使用有限元分析进行管道和组件的“局部”建模。使用局部全尺寸PIP FE模型在局部级别验证全局PIP FE模型。此外，还描述了复杂海底部件（如舱壁、法兰、环焊缝和夹具）的实体建模。论文的第三部分着眼于采用三维（3D）软件和应力分析的综合方法来选择路线，以减少管道长度并最大限度地减少干预。使用上述工具，然后给出了使用FEA工具解决深水和高温问题的项目示例。这些分析工具的组合可以解决目前行业中面临的一些最复杂的工程问题，并且在某些情况下可以在工程中实现显著的成本节约。导言-为什么使用先进的有限元分析？世界工业化国家继续消耗地球上的石油和天然气资源，这将持续到未来。因此，未来的需求将需要在更困难、更恶劣的环境（如深水）和更极端的条件（如高温）下开发新的油气机会。这些复杂的场景在设计方面提出了真正的技术挑战。技术差距的存在，以及由于技术不可用或实施成本过高而无法弥补这些差距，已经使一些项目搁置多年。许多工程挑战或技术差距已经被确定，这些挑战或技术差距对油气管道和海底设备的设计产生了重大影响（Jukes, 2009; Jukes, Wang, and Duron, 2008; Jukes, 2007）。目前存在的主要技术挑战包括：深水、高压/高温（HP/HT）、热性能、管中管（PIP）系统的压缩载荷锁定内管和极限载荷能力、设计规范限制、超深水和安装、软土、流动保障和热扣管理。目前，在墨西哥湾（GoM），某大型作业公司正在考虑在水深3000米（10,000英尺）、压力700 bar （10,000 psi）或更高、温度177°C（350°F）的情况下进行管线设计。这些类型的温度、水深和压力的繁重条件可以在材料和设计方法的选择上提出真正的设计挑战（Jukes和Harrison， 2006）。版权所有©2009 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) ISBN 978-1-880653-73-9
This paper gives an overview of the latest developments in how advanced finite element analysis (FEA) tools can be used for the design and simulation of subsea pipelines and components. Through the use of these tools, it allows designs to be undertaken for complex scenarios that were not previously possible, and confronts key technical design challenges such as pipe-in-pipe (PIP) in deepwater and high-temperature situations. This paper is split into three main parts, and covers the use of cutting-edge FEA tools for the design and simulation of pipelines and components. The first part looks at the ‘global’ analysis of pipelines using a highly non-linear finite element (FE) program, which has been developed called ‘Simulator, and uses ABAQUS as the finite element engine. These tools can be used to undertake complex design cases such as lateral buckling, upheaval buckling, reeling and installation analysis, single pipe and pipe-in-pipe response, pipe-soil interaction, fatigue, expansion-span analysis and thermal buckle management. The second part of the paper demonstrates how FEA can be used to undertake ‘local’ modeling of pipelines and components. A local full-size PIP FE model is used to verify the global PIP FE model at a local level. Also solid modeling of complex subsea components such as bulkheads, flanges, girth welds and clamps are described. The third part of the paper looks at an integrated approach to route selection, using three-dimensional (3D) software and stress analysis, to reduce pipeline length and minimize intervention. Using the above-mentioned tools, project examples are then given where the FEA tools are used to address deepwater and high-temperature issues. The combination of these analysis tools allows solving some of the most complex engineering problems presently faced in the industry, and in some cases has allowed significant cost savings to be achieved in the engineering. INTRODUCTION — WHY USE ADVANCED FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS? The industrialized nations of the world continue to consume the oil and gas resources of the planet, and this is set to continue into the future. As a result, future demand will require exploiting new opportunities for oil and gas from more difficult and harsher locations, such as deepwater, and under more extreme conditions, such as high temperature. These complex scenarios present real technical challenges in terms of the design. Technical Challenges Technology gaps exist and the inability to bridge those gaps due to technology either being unavailable or just too expensive to implement, has put some projects on-hold for many years. A number of engineering challenges, or technology gaps, have been identified that have a significant impact on the design of oil and gas pipelines, and subsea equipment (Jukes, 2009; Jukes, Wang, and Duron, 2008; Jukes, 2007). The main technical challenges that exist are identified as: deep water, highpressure/high-temperature (HP/HT), thermal performance, inner pipe locked in compressive loads and ultimate load capacity for pipe-in-pipe (PIP) systems, design code limitations, ultra-deep water and installation, soft soils, flow assurance, and thermal buckle management. Flowline designs are presently being considered, for a major operator, in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) for water depths down to 3,000 meters (10,000 ft), pressures in the order of 700 bar (10,000 psi) or more, and temperatures up to 177 °C (350 °F). These types of onerous conditions of temperature, water-depth and pressure can present real design challenges in the choice of materials and design methodology (Jukes and Harrison, 2006). 70 Proceedings of the Third (2009) International Deep-Ocean Technology Symposium Beijing, China, June 28-July 1, 2009 Copyright © 2009 by The International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE) ISBN 978-1-880653-73-9