Applying Climate Compatible Development and economic valuation to coastal management: A case study of Kenya's mangrove forests
Applying Climate Compatible Development and economic valuation to coastal management: A case study of Kenya's mangrove forests
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.018
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发表时间：
2015-07-01
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Briers, Robert A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huxham, Mark;Emerton, Lucy;Briers, Robert A.
红树林面临全球压力。尽管人们长期以来认识到红树林的重要生态功能，但生境的破坏和退化依然存在。因此，需要采取新的方法来帮助利益攸关方和政策制定者实现基于最佳科学的健全管理。在这里，我们探讨如何气候兼容发展（CCD）的新政策概念可以应用到实现更好的结果。我们使用经济估值方法结合联合收割机的社会经济数据，预测森林覆盖的基础上定量风险绘图和故事情节的情况下建设演习，阐明经济后果的合理替代未来的情况下，肯尼亚南部海岸的红树林森林，相关的许多其他领域的案例研究。利用在四个红树林地点进行的645个家庭调查、10个焦点小组和74次访谈的数据，并将这些数据与三个登陆点的渔获量信息相结合，一个红树林碳交易项目和公布的数据使我们能够对森林进行彻底的（尽管仍然是部分的）经济评估。这使得南海岸红树林的当前价值为650万美元，或1166公顷（-1美元），其中59%的价值平均来自监管服务。定量风险绘图预测了未来20年的最新趋势，表明在这段时间内森林覆盖率将损失43%，其中最脆弱的地点损失100%。1992年至2012年期间失去的大部分森林尚未被高价值的替代土地用途所取代，因此恢复这些地区是可行的，可能不会涉及很大的机会成本。我们邀请了38个利益相关者，利用当地和区域相关政策、社会趋势和文化的专家知识，制定合理的故事情节，反映商业作为商业（BAU）和CCD，强调20年内的可持续森林保护和管理。将这些设想与数量预测和经济基线结合起来，就可以对《防治荒漠化公约》设想下可能增加的价值和避免的费用进行建模。这表明采用《共同核心原则》而不是《一切照旧》的净现值超过2，000万美元。这项工作增加了保护红树林的经济证据，并有助于强调新的真实的和新兴市场的重要性，如降排+项目，为富碳沿海生境提供了理由。它展示了一个政策工具CCD，可以用来吸引利益相关者，并帮助协调不同部门的政策，以保护红树林。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Mangrove forests are under global pressure. Habitat destruction and degradation persist despite long-standing recognition of the important ecological functions of mangroves. Hence new approaches are needed to help stakeholders and policy-makers achieve sound management that is informed by the best science. Here we explore how the new policy concept of Climate Compatible Development (CCD) can be applied to achieve better outcomes. We use economic valuation approaches to combine socio-economic data, projections of forest cover based on quantitative risk mapping and storyline scenario building exercises to articulate the economic consequences of plausible alternative future scenarios for the mangrove forests of the South Kenya coast, as a case study of relevance to many other areas. Using data from 645 household surveys, 10 focus groups and 74 interviews conducted across four mangrove sites, and combining these with information on fish catches taken at three landing sites, a mangrove carbon trading project and published data allowed us to make a thorough (although still partial) economic valuation of the forests. This gave a current value of the South Coast mangroves of USD 6.5 million, or USD 1166 ha(-1), with 59% of this value on average derived from regulating services. Quantitative risk mapping, projecting recent trends over the next twenty years, suggests a 43% loss of forest cover over that time with 100% loss at the most vulnerable sites. Much of the forest lost between 1992 and 2012 has not been replaced by high value alternative land uses hence restoration of these areas is feasible and may not involve large opportunity costs. We invited thirty eight stakeholders to develop plausible storyline scenarios reflecting Business as Usual (BAU) and CCD which emphasises sustainable forest conservation and management in twenty years time, drawing on local and regional expert knowledge of relevant policy, social trends and cultures. Combining these scenarios with the quantitative projections and economic baseline allowed the modelling of likely value added and costs avoided under the CCD scenario. This suggests a net present value of more than US$20 million of adoption of CCD rather than BAU. This work adds to the economic evidence for mangrove conservation and helps to underline the importance of new real and emerging markets, such as for REDD + projects, in making this case for carbon-rich coastal habitats. It demonstrates a policy tool CCD that can be used to engage stakeholders and help to co-ordinate policy across different sectors towards mangrove conservation. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.