Preparedness and Coping Strategies for Agricultural Drought Risk Management: Recent Progress and Trends
Preparedness and Coping Strategies for Agricultural Drought Risk Management: Recent Progress and Trends
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农业干旱风险管理的准备和应对策略：最新进展和趋势
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Wilhite
中科院分区：
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作者：
D. Wilhite
在许多国家，干旱是造成农业生产最大损失的原因。例如，在美国，干旱是1970年至2003年因作物损失而支付的赔偿金的主要来源。这些损失总计超过150亿美元（USDA/RMA）。1949年至2000年期间，中国平均有2 100万公顷土地遭受旱灾。2000年的旱灾使中国损失了6000多万吨粮食，这是51年来损失最多的一次（Zhang等人，2005年）。最近在欧洲、巴西、墨西哥、澳大利亚、南部非洲和许多其他地区发生的干旱也对农业部门造成了破坏性影响。随着人口增长和其他因素对水和其他自然资源的压力越来越大，越来越需要减少干旱对农业和其他部门的影响，并减少对政府或捐助者赞助的干旱援助计划的需求。这些方案成本高昂，而且在减少社会对未来干旱事件的脆弱性方面基本无效。
In many countries, drought is responsible for the greatest loss of agricultural production. For example, in the United States, drought was the predominant source of indemnities paid because of crop losses between 1970 and 2003. These losses totaled more than $15 billion (USDA/RMA). In China during the period from 1949 to 2000, drought affected an average of 21 million hectares. More than 60 million tons of grain was lost in China as a result of the drought of 2000, the highest loss in 51 years (Zhang et al. 2005). Recent droughts in Europe, Brazil, Mexico, Australia, Southern Africa, and many other regions have also resulted in devastating impacts in the agricultural sector. With growing pressure on water and other natural resources because of population increases and other factors, there is an increasing need to reduce both the impacts of drought on agriculture and other sectors and the demand for government- or donor-sponsored drought assistance programs. These programs are costly and largely ineffective in reducing societal vulnerability to future drought episodes.