Senescence, aging, and disease
Senescence, aging, and disease
复制标题
DOI：
10.2114/jpa2.26.365
复制
发表时间：
2007-05-01
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Crews, Douglas E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crews, Douglas E.
今天，世界各地的人们比人类历史上任何时候都更频繁地活到七十岁或以后的几十年。一些人仍然健康，而另一些人则表现出慢性退行性疾病(CDC)、虚弱和相对较快的死亡。此后，随着我们年龄的增长，促进健康和幸福的多种因素变得越来越复杂。在生殖成熟之后，许多与年龄同步发生的生理衰退反映了衰老和疾病的过程，而不仅仅是时间的流逝。衰老是一个从DNA开始的过程。分子和细胞，最终导致细胞死亡、器官功能丧失和躯体虚弱。这些变化是不同于年龄的良性变化，不会改变功能。两者在疾病所代表的病理过程中是不同的。疾病或衰老可能与年龄有关，但两者都不是由年龄决定的。疾病是病理变化的结果，它影响到所有年龄段。疾病不一定与衰老有关，衰老包括由于生物生物学固有方面的变化。衰老、衰老和疾病之间的区别对于晚年的疾控细胞来说是模糊的，因为。除疾病过程外，许多CDC是衰老的DNA、细胞器、细胞和器官的表型表现。在人类进化的早期阶段，更多的环境暴露和更少的文化缓冲可能会导致更大的脆弱和死亡率，然后才会大幅衰老，就像大多数动物现在仍然面临的情况一样。在现代环境中，与非人类物种不同，文化模式化的行为使人类的脆弱与死亡在某种程度上脱节。
All over the world people are surviving into their seventh and later decades of life more frequently today than ever before in human history. Some remain in good health, while others show chronic degenerative conditions (CDCs), frailty, and relatively rapid mortality. Thereafter, multiple factors promoting health and well-being become ever more complex as we age. After attainment of reproductive maturation, many physiological decrements Occurring in concert with age reflect both senescent and disease processes, not simply the passage of time. Senescence is a process that begins with DNA. molecules and cells and ultimately terminates in cellular death, loss of organ function, and somatic frailty. These changes are different front benign changes with age that do not alter function. Both differ front the pathological processes represented by disease. Either disease or senescence may be age-related, but neither is age-determined. Disease results from pathological alterations and it affects all age groups. Diseases need not be related to senescence, which includes alterations due to inherent aspects of organismal biology. Distinctions among senescence, aging, and disease blur for the late-life CDCs because. in addition to disease processes, many CDCs are phenotypic manifestations of senescing DNA, organelles, cells, and organs. During earlier epochs of human evolution, greater environmental exposures and fewer cultural buffers likely lead to greater frailty and mortality before senescence progressed greatly, as they still do for most animals. In modern-day settings, Culturally patterned behaviors have allowed human frailty to become disconnected somewhat from mortality, unlike non-human species.