Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma.
Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.smrv.2015.08.005
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发表时间：
2016-08
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Roy S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krueger JM;Frank MG;Wisor JP;Roy S
睡眠功能仍然存在争议。个人观点对睡眠功能的看法不同。我们简要地说明了睡眠测量和进化，组织组织水平，分子机制和睡眠调节如何影响人们对睡眠功能的看法。然后，我们讨论了六个可行的睡眠功能理论。睡眠服务于宿主防御机制并节省热量消耗，但这些功能可能是在进化后期进化的机会主义功能。睡眠可以增加大脑能量储备，睡眠通过清除清醒活动的有毒副产品来发挥胶质淋巴功能，这些想法很有吸引力，但缺乏广泛的支持性实验证据。睡眠恢复性能是实验证明的，具有明显的进化价值。然而，这一假设缺乏实验验证的机制，虽然有关这个问题的想法。最后，围绕睡眠具有连通性/可塑性功能这一广泛假设的观点很多，也很有吸引力。有实验证据表明，连接性随着睡眠、睡眠丧失和传入输入的变化而变化，这些变化与睡眠调节机制有关。在我们看来，这是睡眠原始功能的主要竞争者。然而，需要许多改进的想法和创新的实验方法来澄清睡眠连接的关系。
Sleep function remains controversial. Individual perspectives frame the issue of sleep function differently. We briefly illustrate how sleep measurement and the evolution, tissue organization levels, molecular mechanisms, and regulation of sleep could influence one’s view of sleep function. Then we discuss six viable theories of sleep function. Sleep serves host-defense mechanisms and conserves caloric expenditures, but these functions likely are opportunistic functions evolving later in evolution. That sleep replenishes brain energy stores and that sleep serves a glymphatic function by removing toxic byproducts of waking activity are attractive ideas, but lack extensive supporting experimental evidence. That sleep restores performance is experimentally demonstrated and has obvious evolutionary value. However, this hypothesis lacks experimentally verified mechanisms although ideas relating to this issue are presented. Finally, the ideas surrounding the broad hypothesis that sleep serves a connectivity/plasticity function are many and attractive. There is experimental evidence that connectivity changes with sleep, sleep loss, and with changing afferent input, and that those changes are linked to sleep regulatory mechanisms. In our view, this is the leading contender for the primordial function of sleep. However, much refinement of ideas and innovative experimental approaches are needed to clarify the sleep-connectivity relationship.