Self-Criticism Impacts Emotional Responses to Pain
Self-Criticism Impacts Emotional Responses to Pain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.beth.2018.07.008
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发表时间：
2019-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Hooley, Jill M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fox, Kathryn R.;O'Sullivan, Isabel M.;Hooley, Jill M.
非自杀性自伤 (NSSI) 与许多负面结果（例如自杀企图）相关，使其成为临床高度关注的焦点。然而，强化 NSSI 的机制仍不清楚。利益与障碍模型提出 NSSI 参与度由 NSSI 的利益和障碍共同决定。好处包括改善情绪，这是大多数参与 NSSI 的人所报告的功能；障碍包括避免疼痛和身体伤害的愿望。自我批评通常被理解为一种降低避免痛苦和身体伤害的愿望的特质，从而减少这种特定的障碍。然而，最近的研究表明，自我批评也可能增加 NSSI 的好处。高度自我批评的人可能会认为 NSSI 和疼痛是应该受到痛苦和惩罚的，因此，疼痛可能会改善自我批评者的情绪。我们测试了自我批评是否会影响有（n = 44）和没有（n = 65）NSSI病史的成年女性对疼痛的情绪反应。在消极情绪诱导后，参与者对自己施加疼痛之前、期间和之后的情绪进行评分。在有或没有 NSSI 病史的参与者中，自我批评与疼痛期间情绪的改善呈正相关。因此，无论 NSSI 历史如何，自我批评都会影响对疼痛的情绪反应。总之，结果表明，自我批评不仅可以减少重要的 NSSI 障碍，还可以增强 NSSI 的益处，特别是在疼痛期间改善情绪。
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is associated with numerous negative outcomes (e.g., suicide attempts), making it a focus of great clinical concern. Yet, mechanisms reinforcing NSSI remain unclear. The benefits and barriers model proposes that NSSI engagement is determined by both benefits of and barriers to NSSI. Benefits include mood improvement, a function reported by most who engage in NSSI; barriers include a desire to avoid pain and bodily harm. Self-criticism is generally understood as a trait lowering desire to avoid pain and bodily harm, thus decreasing that specific barrier. However, recent research demonstrated that self-criticism may also increase NSSI benefits. Highly self-critical people may view NSSI and pain in the context of feeling deserving of pain and punishment-thus, pain may improve mood for self-critical individuals. We tested whether self-criticism impacted emotional responding to pain among adult females with (n = 44) and without (n = 65) NSSI histories. After a negative mood induction, participants rated their moods before, during, and after self-administered pain. In participants with and without NSSI histories, self-criticism was positively correlated with mood improvements during pain. Thus, regardless of NSSI history, self-criticism impacted emotional responses to pain. Together, results suggest that self-criticism may not only decrease an important NSSI barrier but also enhance NSSI benefits, specifically leading to more mood improvement during pain.