Causes and Consequences of Inequality in the STEM: Diversity and its Discontents
Causes and Consequences of Inequality in the STEM: Diversity and its Discontents
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STEM 不平等的原因和后果：多样性及其不满
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Branch
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sharla N. Alegria;E. Branch
关于科学职业的社会科学研究往往把性别作为影响人们进入科学领域并取得成功的主要机制。尽管对性别的关注往往很狭隘，但随着20世纪60年代重要的法律的变化，美国劳动力中纳入了更多的女性、有色人种和非美国出生的工人，美国许多科学领域的人口构成发生了很大变化。利用综合公共使用微数据系列（IPUMS）（1960年和1970年的1%样本，1980年，1990年和2000年的5%样本）以及2009年的美国社区调查的数据，我们展示了如何狭隘地关注性别过度简化了种族和日益全球化的科学劳动力的动态。当我们分解计算机和生命科学这两个典型科学领域的人口概况时，我们进一步研究了产生和限制科学劳动力维持复杂不平等的因素。
Social Science research on science careers tends to focus on gender as the primary mechanism affecting which people enter and succeed in science. Despite the often narrow focus on gender, the demographic composition of many science fields in the US has changed considerably as the US workforce incorporated more women, people of color, and non-US born workers following important legal changes in the 1960s. Using data from the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) (1% samples for 1960 and 1970, 5% samples from 1980, 1990 and 2000) as well as the American Community Survey from 2009, we show how a narrow focus on gender oversimplifies the racial and increasingly global dynamics of the scientific labor force. We further examine the factors that produce and constrain the scientific labor force sustaining the complex inequality we see when we disaggregate the demographic profiles of two exemplary science fields, Computing and Life Science.