Meaning-based guidance of attention in scenes as revealed by meaning maps
Meaning-based guidance of attention in scenes as revealed by meaning maps
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DOI：
10.1038/s41562-017-0208-0
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
29.9
通讯作者：
Hayes, Taylor R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Henderson, John M.;Hayes, Taylor R.
现实世界的场景包含了大量的、嗡嗡作响的信息混乱。为了管理这种复杂性，视觉注意力被实时引导到重要的场景区域(1-7)。在场景中，哪些因素会引导注意力？一种领先的理论认为，基于语义上未解释的图像特征的视觉突显在注意指导中起关键的因果作用，而知识和意义起次要或调节作用(8-11)。相反，我们在这里提出，意义在通过场景引导人类注意力方面起着主导作用。为了测试这一建议，我们开发了“含义图”，以一种可以直接与图像显著程度相比较的格式来表示场景区域的语义丰富程度。然后，我们对比了意义和突显的空间分布在多大程度上预测了观众在场景中的公开注意力。结果表明，意义和突显都能预测注意的分布，但当意义和突显之间的关系被控制时，只有意义才能解释注意的唯一差异。从观看场景的最早时间点开始，这种结果模式就很明显。我们的结论是，意义是通过真实世界的场景引导注意力的驱动力。
Real-world scenes comprise a blooming, buzzing confusion of information. To manage this complexity, visual attention is guided to important scene regions in real time(1-7). What factors guide attention within scenes? A leading theoretical position suggests that visual salience based on semantically uninterpreted image features plays the critical causal role in attentional guidance, with knowledge and meaning playing a secondary or modulatory role(8-11). Here we propose instead that meaning plays the dominant role in guiding human attention through scenes. To test this proposal, we developed 'meaning maps' that represent the semantic richness of scene regions in a format that can be directly compared to image salience. We then contrasted the degree to which the spatial distributions of meaning and salience predict viewers' overt attention within scenes. The results showed that both meaning and salience predicted the distribution of attention, but that when the relationship between meaning and salience was controlled, only meaning accounted for unique variance in attention. This pattern of results was apparent from the very earliest time-point in scene viewing. We conclude that meaning is the driving force guiding attention through real-world scenes.