Imported crazy ant displaces imported fire ant, reduces and homogenizes grassland ant and arthropod assemblages
Imported crazy ant displaces imported fire ant, reduces and homogenizes grassland ant and arthropod assemblages
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DOI：
10.1007/s10530-013-0463-6
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发表时间：
2013-11-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Gilbert, Lawrence E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LeBrun, Edward G.;Abbott, John;Gilbert, Lawrence E.
最近引进的一种具有生态优势的外来蚂蚁，Nylanderia fulva，正在入侵美国东南部和德克萨斯州。我们评估了这种入侵者如何影响两个草原共生蚂蚁和其他节肢动物的多样性和丰度。富尔瓦蚂蚁的密度比所有其他蚂蚁的总和要高2个数量级。蚁群生物量总体增加，表明富尔瓦蚁群利用了当地蚁群未充分利用的资源。在高密度情况下，随着富氏乳蚁的扩散，它消除了目前生态上占主导地位的入侵蚂蚁——红进口火蚁（红火蚁）。与进口火蚁为主的生境相比，黄颡鱼入侵带的非蚁类节肢动物物种丰富度和丰度较低，且受不同营养类别的影响不同。此外，N. fulva降低了蚁群剩余部分的丰度和物种丰富度，并且以非随机的方式进行：对小型工蚁的影响远小于大型工蚁的影响。在这些和其他具有大量外来成分的蚂蚁组合中，外来物种往往是体型较小的物种。因此，富尔瓦桫椤几乎完全消除了区域分布的物种，但全球分布的物种基本上不受影响，从而系统地倾向于引进物种而不是本地物种的多样性。invicta影响野生动物和节肢动物的组合结构，在美国东南部和德克萨斯州的非森林栖息地几乎无处不在。它被富尔瓦北方蓟马所取代，对该地区的自然系统具有重要影响。
A recently introduced, ecologically dominant, exotic ant species, Nylanderia fulva, is invading the Southeastern United States and Texas. We evaluate how this invader impacts diversity and abundance of co-occurring ants and other arthropods in two grasslands. N. fulva rapidly attains densities up to 2 orders of magnitude greater than the combined abundance of all other ants. Overall ant biomass increases in invaded habitat, indicating that N. fulva exploits resources not fully utilized by the local ant assemblage. At high density, as N. fulva spreads, it eliminates the current ecologically dominant invasive ant, red imported fire ants (Solenopsis invicta). Compared to imported fire ant dominated habitat, N. fulva invasion zones have lower non-ant arthropod species richness and abundance with impacts differing by trophic category. Further, N. fulva reduces abundance and species richness of the remainder of the ant assemblage and does so in a non-random manner: impacting species with small sized workers much less than species with larger workers. In these and other ant assemblages with a large exotic component, the exotics tend to be small bodied species. As a result, N. fulva almost completely eliminates regionally distributed species, but leaves globally distributed species largely unaffected, thereby systematically favoring introduced over native diversity. S. invicta impacts wildlife and arthropod assemblage structure and is nearly ubiquitous in non-forested habitats of the Southeastern United States and Texas. Its displacement by N. fulva has critical implications for the natural systems of this region.