Realignment and Recidivism
Realignment and Recidivism
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DOI：
10.1177/0002716215603319
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Grattet, Ryken
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bird, Mia;Grattet, Ryken
加州2011年的公共安全调整创造了一项史无前例的政策实验，将对较低级别重罪罪犯的权力从州惩教系统转移到58个县监狱和缓刑系统。虽然这些变化集中在加利福尼亚州，但这些变化反映了正在进行的关于适当的政府级别的讨论，在那里集中控制犯罪的努力。在本文中，我们首先将重新调整放在犯罪学和社会法学文献中，展示改革如何提供机会，进一步探讨各种惩教战略的有效性、执行情况以及惩教法律和政策的地方差异。然后，我们回顾了早期集中在全州范围内重新调整对累犯的影响的研究，这些研究根据应用的累犯衡量标准而产生了不同的结果。然后，我们检查了不同县的累犯结果的差异，并提出了表明地方重新调整实施战略和累犯结果之间存在重要关系的研究结果。在整个过程中，我们关注两个最重要的主题。第一个挑战是，在有意义地解释累犯结果的变化时，将犯罪者行为的作用从司法系统反应中分离出来。第二个挑战是在有限的数据下评估政策或实践变化的影响。尽管对更好和更广泛的数据的需求是一个共同的主题，但我们在这里结合我们正在进行的更大规模的数据收集来强调这一点。
California's 2011 Public Safety Realignment created an unprecedented policy experiment by transferring the authority over lower-level felony offenders from the state correctional system to fifty-eight county jail and probation systems. While centered in California, these changes are reflective of an ongoing national conversation about the appropriate level of government at which to focus crime control efforts. In this article, we first situate Realignment in criminological and sociolegal literatures, showing how the reform offers opportunities to further inquiry as to the effectiveness of a wide variety of correctional strategies, implementation, and local variation in correctional law and policy. We then review early research focused on the statewide effect of Realignment on recidivism, which has produced mixed findings depending on the measure of recidivism applied. We then examine variation in recidivism outcomes across county sites and present findings that indicate there is an important relationship between local Realignment implementation strategies and recidivism outcomes. Throughout, we focus on two overarching themes. The first is the challenge of disentangling the roles of offender behavior from justice system response in meaningfully interpreting changes in recidivism outcomes. The second is the challenge of evaluating the effects of policy or practice changes under limited data. Although the need for better and more expansive data is a common theme, we highlight it here in the context of a larger data collection that we have under way.