Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
Graphene-Based Polymer Nanocomposites
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DOI：
10.5772/14665
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发表时间：
2011-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. Salavagione;Gerardo Martínez;Gary Ellis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Salavagione;Gerardo Martínez;Gary Ellis
材料科学继续在我们的生活中占据中心地位，主要是通过设计和创造新材料，随着时间的推移，由于新材料的发现，我们的生活质量得到了改善。人类社会进步的重要里程碑都与历史上的材料密切相关：石器时代、青铜时代、铁器时代、钢铁时代（工业革命）、硅时代和硅时代（电信革命）都反映了材料对我们文明的重要影响，而我们在21世纪的日常生活依赖于各种各样不同复杂程度的材料。此外，由于我们的世界是由消费市场主导的，改善我们生活方式的需求是没有限制的。材料是为我们的生活带来便利的技术的基础，例如笔记本电脑、数字手机、触摸屏等。因此，创造新的、更有用的和多样化的材料的挑战随着社会的需求而增长，而覆盖诸如可持续能源、负担得起的医疗保健、个人防护等需求的限制，与材料性能的限制密切相关。获得具有新的改进性能的材料的一个关键方面是富有想象力的分子设计、合成和制备新材料。材料化学的重点是理解组成材料的原子，离子或分子的排列与其整体结构/物理特性之间的关系。因此，它包括研究现有材料的结构和性能，新材料或改进材料的合成和表征，以及使用先进的计算技术来预测尚未制造的材料的结构和性能。由于我们的需求不断更新，每天都有新的需求出现，为了进一步满足当前和未来的需求，必须不断深入了解现有材料并定制新的功能材料。如今，在材料技术的前沿，通过协同作用将各种类型的材料结合起来的概念是实现特定目标的最成功的方法之一，具有最大的性能和成本效益。在这方面，聚合物是最成功开发的材料类别之一，因为它们具有令人难以置信的各种化学结构及其随后的性能概要，沿着它们相对较低的成本，易于加工，以及它们作为可持续材料的可能的可回收性和适用性。聚合物纳米复合材料（PNC）领域已经发展成为材料科学范围内最大的类别之一，成为
Materials science continues to occupy a central place in our lives primarily through the design and creation of new materials, and our quality of life has improved over time thanks to the discovery of new materials. Major milestones in the advancement of our society are intimately associated with materials throughout history: the stone age, bronze age, iron age, steel age (industrial revolution), silicon age and silica age (telecom revolution) all reflect the important impact materials have in our civilization, and our daily life in the 21st century depends on an unlimited variety of materials of varying degrees of sophistication. Also, since our world is dominated by a consumer market, the demands to improve our lifestyle are without limit. Materials are fundamental to the technology that adds convenience to our lives, examples being laptop computers, digital cell phones, touch screens, and so on. Therefore, the challenge of creating new, more useful and diverse materials grows with the needs of society, and the limitations for covering needs such as sustainable energy, affordable health care, personal protection, etc., are closely related to constraints in the properties of materials. One critical aspect for achieving materials with new improved properties is imaginative molecular design, synthesis and preparation of new materials. Materials chemistry focuses on understanding the relationships between the arrangement of atoms, ions or molecules comprising a material and its overall bulk structural/physical properties. Thus, it consists in the study of the structure and properties of existing materials, the synthesis and characterization of new or improved materials, and the use of advanced computational techniques to predict structures and properties of materials that have not yet been made. Since our demands are renewed continuously and new needs emerge daily, for further progress to meet present and future requirements a thorough understanding of existing materials and the tailor-making of new functional materials must be continued with increasing vigour. Nowadays, in the frontiers of materials technology the concept of combining various types of materials through synergy is one of the most successful approaches to achieve specific goals with the greatest efficiency in properties and cost effectiveness. In this respect, polymers are one of the most successfully exploited classes of materials due to the incredible variety of chemical structures available and their subsequent compendium of properties, along with their relatively low cost, facile processing, and their possible recyclability and applicability as sustainable materials. The area of polymer nanocomposites (PNCs) has grown to represent one of the largest classes within the scope of materials science, becoming