Reactivation of latent viruses is associated with increased plasma cytokines in astronauts
Reactivation of latent viruses is associated with increased plasma cytokines in astronauts
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cyto.2012.09.019
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发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Pierson, D. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mehta, S. K.;Crucian, B. E.;Pierson, D. L.
长期太空任务的成功将取决于强大的免疫力。在短期任务期间，宇航员的免疫力下降，潜伏的疱疹病毒的重新激活就是明证。研究了17名宇航员在8次航天飞行之前、期间和之后9-14天潜伏疱疹病毒的重新激活和脱落。在飞行前10天（L-10）、飞行期间（仅唾液）、着陆后2-3小时（R + 0）、着陆后3天（R + 3）和着陆后120天（R + 120）采集血液、尿液和唾液样本。R + 120的值用作基线水平。在飞行前没有发生病毒脱落，但17只中有9只（称为“病毒脱落者”）在飞行期间和飞行后至少脱落一种或多种病毒。剩下的8名宇航员没有散发3种目标病毒中的任何一种（非病毒散发者）。在R + 0时，病毒脱落者显示10种血浆细胞因子（IL-1 α、IL-6、IL-8、IFN γ、IL-4、IL-10、IL-12、IL-13、嗜酸性粒细胞趋化因子和IP-10）高于基线值。非病毒散发者血浆中仅IL-4和IP-10升高。在病毒散毒者中，血浆IL-4（一种Th 2细胞因子）在R + 0时升高21倍，而IFN γ（一种Th 1细胞因子）仅升高2倍，表明Th 2移位。炎性细胞因子IL-6在R + 0时升高33倍。在R + 0的非脱落宇航员中，只有IL-4和IP-10水平高于基线值。升高的细胞因子在R + 3时开始恢复正常，到R + 120时，除IL-4外，所有细胞因子均恢复至基线值。这些数据显示了宇航员血浆细胞因子升高和病毒再激活增加之间的关联。(C)2012爱思唯尔有限公司出版
Success of long duration space missions will depend upon robust immunity. Decreased immunity has been observed in astronauts during short duration missions, as evident by the reactivation of latent herpes viruses. Seventeen astronauts were studied for reactivation and shedding of latent herpes viruses before, during, and after 9-14 days of 8 spaceflights. Blood, urine, and saliva samples were collected 10 days before the flight (L-10), during the flight (saliva only), 2-3 h after landing (R + 0), 3 days after landing (R + 3), and 120 days after landing (R + 120). Values at R + 120 were used as baseline levels. No shedding of viruses occurred before flight, but 9 of the 17 (designated "virus shedders") shed at least one or more viruses during and after flight. The remaining 8 astronauts did not shed any of the 3 target viruses (non-virus shedders). Virus-shedders showed elevations in 10 plasma cytokines (IL-1 alpha, IL-6, IL-8, IFN gamma, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, IL-13, eotaxin, and IP-10) at R + 0 over baseline values. Only IL-4 and IP-10 were elevated in plasma of non-virus shedders. In virus shedders, plasma IL-4 (a Th2 cytokine) was elevated 21-fold at R + 0, whereas IFN gamma (a Th1 cytokine) was elevated only 2-fold indicating a Th2 shift. The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 was elevated 33-fold at R + 0. In non-shedding astronauts at R + 0, only IL-4 and IP-10 levels were elevated over baseline values. Elevated cytokines began returning to normal by R + 3, and by R + 120 all except IL-4 had returned to baseline values. These data show an association between elevated plasma cytokines and increased viral reactivation in astronauts. (C) 2012 Published by Elsevier Ltd.