A cross-sectional epidemiological study of domestic animals related to human leptospirosis cases in Nicaragua
A cross-sectional epidemiological study of domestic animals related to human leptospirosis cases in Nicaragua
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DOI：
10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.02.031
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发表时间：
2017-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Halaihel, Nabil
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Flores, Byron J.;Perez-Sanchez, Tania;Halaihel, Nabil
钩端螺旋体病是世界范围内最广泛的人畜共患病之一，人类最常通过直接或通过污染的水或土壤接触带菌者动物的尿液而感染。本研究的目的是分析钩端螺旋体属的流行病学行为，从2007年到2013年，尼加拉瓜人类钩端螺旋体病病例发生地周围的家畜中提取的样本。我们报告了一项横断面流行病学研究的结果，在尼加拉瓜人类钩端螺旋体病病例的地点周围，对家畜（DA）的血液（n = 3050）和尿液（n = 299）进行了非概率采样。我们通过显微凝集试验（MAT）、体外培养、真实的时间PCR和Ifb 1基因座的测序来分析所获得的数据。血清学试验和体外培养的阳性率分别为30.31%（95%CI：28.66-31.95）和15.38%（95%CI：11.12-19.64）。血清学检测结果表明，DA的检出率与猪、犬相似（P >= 0.05），但牛、马、羊的体外培养检出率显著高于猪、犬（P < 0.05）。致病性钩端螺旋体10个血清型的研究黄疸出血群的检出率最高，为34.65%（95% CI：29.35-39.94）。通过Ifb 1基因序列分析，我们鉴定了7个样品与问号钩端螺旋体的Pyrogenes血清型同源，3个样品与野口钩端螺旋体的Louisiana或Panama血清型同源。我们能够从DA和人类病例的累积发病率建立时间和空间相关性。因此，应加强对钩体病的流行病学监测，制定针对性的控制方案，以降低钩体病的发病率。(C)2017爱思唯尔B. V.保留所有权利。
Leptospirosis is one of the most extended zoonosis worldwide and humans become infected most commonly through contact with the urine of carrier animals, either directly or via contaminated water or soil. The aim in this study was to analyse the epidemiological behaviour of Leptospira spp., from domestic animals around the sites of human leptospirosis cases in Nicaragua, from 2007 through 2013. We report the results of a cross-sectional epidemiological study with a non-probability sampling of blood (n = 3050) and urine (n = 299) from Domestic Animals (DA) around the sites of human leptospirosis cases in Nicaragua. We analysed data obtained through Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT), in-vitro culture, real time PCR and sequencing of Ifb1 locus. Frequencies of 30.31% (95% CI: 28.66-31.95) and 15.38% (95% CI: 11.12-19.64) were obtained from serological test and from in-vitro culture, respectively. Although similar frequencies from serology test (P >= 0.05) were found in DA species, in-vitro culture frequencies were significantly higher from bovine, equine and sheep (P < 0.05) in comparison with swine and canine species. Ten serogroups of pathogenic Leptospira spp. were encountered, with the highest presence of Icterohaemorrhagiae serogroup 34.65% (95% CI: 29.35-39.94). We identified 7 samples homologous to L interrogans species Pyrogenes serovar and 3 samples as L noguchii Louisiana or Panama serovars by analysis of Ifb1 sequences. We were able to establish a temporal and spatial correlation from DA and cumulative incidence of human cases. Therefore an effective epidemiological surveillance should be implemented with a specific control program toward DA in order to reduce human leptospirosis incidence. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.