History and Outcomes of 50 Years of Physician-Scientist Training in Medical Scientist Training Programs
History and Outcomes of 50 Years of Physician-Scientist Training in Medical Scientist Training Programs
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DOI：
10.1097/acm.0000000000001779
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发表时间：
2017-10-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Andersen, Olaf S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harding, Clifford V.;Akabas, Myles H.;Andersen, Olaf S.
需要医生科学家继续最近的生物医学研究的步伐，并将科学发现转化为临床应用。MD-PhD项目代表了培养医生科学家的一种方法。MD-PhD培训始于20世纪50年代，并随着1964年由美国国立卫生研究院的国家普通医学科学研究所（NIGMS）发起的医学科学家培训计划（MSTP）而大大扩展。MD-PhD培训自成立以来一直受到医学教育，科学和临床领域的重大变化的影响。2014年，NIGMS举办了MSTP 50周年研讨会，重点介绍了该计划并评估了其成果。2016年，美国有90多个活跃的MD-PhD项目，其中45个是MSTP支持的，共有988个实习生名额。自1964年以来，已有超过10，000名学生获得MSTP支持。作者提供了1975-2014年9，683名MSTP学员的人口统计学特征和结果的数据。MD和PhD培训的整合使学员能够在临床培训的同时建立严格的研究基础。MSTP毕业生在获得研究赠款方面取得了相对成功，并成为许多生物医学研究领域的杰出领导者。然而，仍然存在许多挑战，包括需要在不断发展的医学课程中保持严格的科学内容，在MSTP毕业生所针对的越来越多的领域中增加以研究为导向的住院医生和研究金机会，在医生-科学家队伍中实现更大的种族多样性和性别平衡，以及维持医生-科学家随后的研究活动。
Physician-scientists are needed to continue the great pace of recent biomedical research and translate scientific findings to clinical applications. MD-PhD programs represent one approach to train physician-scientists. MD-PhD training started in the 1950s and expanded greatly with the Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), launched in 1964 by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) at the National Institutes of Health. MD-PhD training has been influenced by substantial changes in medical education, science, and clinical fields since its inception. In 2014, NIGMS held a 50th Anniversary MSTP Symposium highlighting the program and assessing its outcomes. In 2016, there were over 90 active MD-PhD programs in the United States, of which 45 were MSTP supported, with a total of 988 trainee slots. Over 10,000 students have received MSTP support since 1964. The authors present data for the demographic characteristics and outcomes for 9,683 MSTP trainees from 1975-2014. The integration of MD and PhD training has allowed trainees to develop a rigorous foundation in research in concert with clinical training. MSTP graduates have had relative success in obtaining research grants and have become prominent leaders in many biomedical research fields. Many challenges remain, however, including the need to maintain rigorous scientific components in evolving medical curricula, to enhance research-oriented residency and fellowship opportunities in a widening scope of fields targeted by MSTP graduates, to achieve greater racial diversity and gender balance in the physician-scientist workforce, and to sustain subsequent research activities of physician-scientists.