THE WATER BALANCE IN IXODES-RICINUS L AND CERTAIN OTHER SPECIES OF TICKS
THE WATER BALANCE IN IXODES-RICINUS L AND CERTAIN OTHER SPECIES OF TICKS
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182000013093
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发表时间：
1946-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
LEES, AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
LEES, AD
实验室饲养的蜱（/.蓖麻），刺猬的未成熟阶段和绵羊的成年阶段，当不进食时，从潮湿的空气或与角质层接触的水中获得水分。水分是通过蒸发而流失的。当蜱附着在宿主身上时，蜱从摄入的血液中获得水分，并在排泄物中失去水分。饱胀的蜱虫无法从潮湿的空气中获取水分。水的交换通过角质层进行。水平衡的调节由表皮细胞的活性控制。角质层由两层组成（上角质层和内角质层）。表皮被防水的类脂覆盖。穿过内角质层的孔道被细胞质占据。这可能在水的主动转移中起重要作用。当蜱虫处于干燥状态时，就会从潮湿的空气中吸收水分。未进食和饱食的蜱都有能力阻止或调节与角质层接触的水的进入。充血的[雌性]，最初体重2毫克，摄入约600毫克。鲜血大约300毫克。通常在充血结束前被消除。9种。检查了蜱的限制蒸发的能力。这可能反映了上表皮类脂性质的特殊差异。抗虫性强弱顺序为：毛氏捕鸟蛛、安氏革蜱、革蜱; reticulatus、血红扇头蜱Rhipicephalus sanguineus、卡氏钝眼蜱Amblyomma cajennense、钝眼蜱A. maculatum、犬硬蜱I. hexagonus，和/.蓖麻。在干燥空气中，通过角质层的水分流失速度是/的10-15倍。ricinus比D.安德森尼。
Laboratory reared ticks (/. ricinus), the immature stages on hedgehogs and the adults on sheep, when unfed gained water from humid air or from water in contact with the cuticle. Water loss is by evaporation. While attached to the host the tick obtains water from ingested blood and loses water in the excrement. The engorged tick is unable to obtain water from humid air. The exchange of water takes place through the cuticle. The regulation of the water balance is controlled by the activity of the epidermal cells. The cuticle is composed of 2 layers (epicuticle and endocuticle). The epiculticle is covered by a waterproof lipoid. The pore canals which traverse the endocuticle are occupied by cytoplasm. This may play an important part in the active transfer of water. The uptake of water from humid air occurs when the tick is in a desiccated condition. Both unfed and engorged ticks have the ability to prevent or regulate the entry of water in contact with the cuticle. The engorged [female], originally weighing 2 mg., ingests about 600 mg. of blood. About 300 mg. are usually eliminated before the end of engorgement. 9 spp. of ticks were examined for their power of limiting evaporation. This may reflect specific differences in the nature of the epicuticle lipoid. The order of resistance is as follows: Ornithodoros moubata, Dermacentor andersoni, D. reticulatus, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Amblyomma cajennense, A. maculatum, Ixodes canisuga, I. hexagonus, and /. ricinus. In dry air water loss through the cuticle is 10-15 times more rapid in /. ricinus than in D. andersoni.