History matters: Thermal environment before but not during wasp attack determines the efficiency of symbiont-mediated protection.
History matters: Thermal environment before but not during wasp attack determines the efficiency of symbiont-mediated protection.
复制标题
历史很重要：黄蜂攻击之前而非期间的热环境决定了共生体介导的保护的效率。
DOI：
10.1111/mec.16935
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发表时间：
2023
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Jones JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jones JE
天敌攻击昆虫的结果通常受到寄主内存在的防御性微生物共生体的影响。热环境是已知的影响昆虫共生体介导的特征的一个因素。例如，较低的温度已被证明降低了螺旋体对果蝇的保护作用。我们对保护性共生的理解需要对环境-共生-保护的联系有更深的理解。在这里，我们通过检测黄蜂攻击前、中和之后温度对苍蝇存活和黄蜂成功的影响，剖析了热环境对螺旋体介导的果蝇对布拉细毛虫保护作用的影响。我们观察到，受攻击幼虫母亲的发育温度，而不是受攻击幼虫本身在黄蜂攻击期间或之后的温度，强烈地决定了螺旋体的保护作用。较冷的母体环境与对后代的螺旋体保护较弱有关。发育温度对螺旋体介导的保护作用的影响可能是通过减少螺旋体的数量来实现的。这些结果表明，历史的热环境比现在的环境是更强的保护决定因素。此外，保护是一种具有跨代非遗传变异的特征，可能会对选择产生复杂的短期反应。此外，蜘蛛-果蝇非共生体的冷敏感性与共生体在高温下更常见的失败形成了对比，这表明需要了解低温敏感性对这种共生的机制基础。
The outcome of natural enemy attack in insects is commonly impacted by the presence of defensive microbial symbionts residing within the host. The thermal environment is a factor known to affect symbiont‐mediated traits in insects. Lower temperatures, for instance, have been shown to reduceSpiroplasma‐mediated protection inDrosophila. Our understanding of protective symbiosis requires a deeper understanding of environment–symbiont–protection links. Here, we dissect the effect of the thermal environment onSpiroplasma‐mediated protection againstLeptopilina boulardiinDrosophila melanogasterby examining the effect of temperature before, during and after wasp attack on fly survival and wasp success. We observed that the developmental temperature of the mothers of attacked larvae, but not the temperature of the attacked larvae themselves during or after wasp attack, strongly determines the protective influence ofSpiroplasma. Cooler maternal environments were associated with weakerSpiroplasmaprotection of their progeny. The effect of developmental temperature onSpiroplasma‐mediated protection is probably mediated by a reduction inSpiroplasmatitre. These results indicate that historical thermal environment is a stronger determinant of protection than current environment. Furthermore, protection is a character with transgenerational nongenetic variation probably to produce complex short‐term responses to selection. In addition, the cool sensitivity of theSpiroplasma–Drosophilasymbioses contrasts with the more common failure of symbioses at elevated temperatures, indicating a need to understand the mechanistic basis of low temperature sensitivity on this symbiosis.