Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime: A Micro-sociological Model of Risk and Resilience
Racial Discrimination, Ethnic-Racial Socialization, and Crime: A Micro-sociological Model of Risk and Resilience
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DOI：
10.1177/0003122412448648
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发表时间：
2012-08-01
影响因子：
9.1
通讯作者：
Gibbons, Frederick X.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burt, Callie Harbin;Simons, Ronald L.;Gibbons, Frederick X.
对刑事犯罪中种族差异的主流理论解释忽视了与种族相关的一个关键风险因素：人际种族歧视。基于最近在微观层面分析种族和犯罪的研究，我们指定了一种社会心理模型，将个人经历与种族歧视与犯罪风险增加联系起来。我们在这个模型中添加了对非裔美国文化的适应性方面的考虑：种族社会化，并探讨两种形式——文化社会化和偏见准备——是否能够提供抵御人际种族歧视的犯罪影响的能力。使用来自家庭和社区健康研究的数百名非裔美国男性青年的面板数据，我们发现种族歧视与犯罪增加呈正相关，这在很大程度上是通过加剧抑郁、对人际关系的敌对看法和脱离传统规范来实现的。结果还表明，为偏见做好准备可以显着减少歧视对犯罪的影响，主要是通过减少这些社会心理中介对犯罪的影响。文化社会化的影响较小，但却有益。最后，我们表明，为偏见做好准备的更一般的养育环境会影响其保护效果。
Dominant theoretical explanations of racial disparities in criminal offending overlook a key risk factor associated with race: interpersonal racial discrimination. Building on recent studies that analyze race and crime at the micro-level, we specify a social psychological model linking personal experiences with racial discrimination to an increased risk of offending. We add to this model a consideration of an adaptive facet of African American culture: ethnic-racial socialization, and explore whether two forms-cultural socialization and preparation for bias-provide resilience to the criminogenic effects of interpersonal racial discrimination. Using panel data from several hundred African American male youth from the Family and Community Health Study, we find that racial discrimination is positively associated with increased crime in large part by augmenting depression, hostile views of relationships, and disengagement from conventional norms. Results also indicate that preparation for bias significantly reduces the effects of discrimination on crime, primarily by reducing the effects of these social psychological mediators on offending. Cultural socialization has a less influential but beneficial effect. Finally, we show that the more general parenting context within which preparation for bias takes place influences its protective effects.