A six-year record of debris transport by avalanches on a wildfire slope (Arnspitze, Tyrol).
A six-year record of debris transport by avalanches on a wildfire slope (Arnspitze, Tyrol).
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野火斜坡上雪崩造成碎片运输的六年记录（蒂罗尔州阿恩斯皮茨）
DOI：
10.1127/0372-8854/2010/0054-0009
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发表时间：
2010
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Wetzel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hoinkis;Wetzel
六年来，在北蒂罗尔石灰岩阿尔卑斯山的Arnspitze南坡，对雪崩造成的碎片沉积进行了监测。被调查的斜坡在1946年的一次严重野火事件中被砍伐，今天仍然基本上没有植被。在春天的地面雪崩之后，我们在斜坡底部的雪地上收集了雪崩运输的碎片。结果表明，平均产沙量为126t km-2a-1，基岩平均侵蚀速率为48mmka-1，土壤/碎屑平均侵蚀速率为70mmka-1。这些值比文献中报道的大多数以前的测量结果要高得多。雪崩侵蚀的年际变化极大，每年从0吨到215吨不等。积雪的厚度、春季融化的时间、前几年的碎片储存以及未知的随机因素似乎是造成时间变化的原因。子流域之间也存在较大的空间差异。最高的绝对清除量(以吨计)出现在最大的集水区；集水区大小和清除率(单位大小的吨数)之间的相关性是正的，但很弱。调查表明，即使在60多年过去了，过程平衡仍然被扰乱。
Debris deposition by avalanches was monitored for six years at the Arnspitze south slope in the North-Tyrolean Limestone Alps. The slope investigated was deforested by a severe wildfire event in 1946 and is still largely vegetation-free today. We collected avalanche-transported debris on the snow fields at the base of the slope after ground avalanches in spring. The results show mean sediment yields of 126 t km-2a-1; the mean erosion rate is 48 mm ka-1for bedrock or 70 mm ka-1for soil/debris, respectively. These values are much higher than most previous measurements reported in the literature. Avalanche erosion is extremely variable between the years, ranging from 0 t to 215 t per year. The thickness of the snow cover, the timing of the spring melt, debris storage in the preceding years and unknown random factors appear to be responsible for the temporal variations. There are also large spatial differences between the sub-catchments. The highest absolute removal (in tonnes) occurs in the largest catchments; the correlation between catchment size and removal rate (tonnes per unit size) is positive but weak. The investigations indicate that process equilibrium remains disturbed, even after more than 60 years have elapsed.