Farmer participatory pest management evaluations and variety selection in diagnostic farmer field Fora in cowpea in Ghana
Farmer participatory pest management evaluations and variety selection in diagnostic farmer field Fora in cowpea in Ghana
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加纳豇豆诊断农民田间的农民参与式害虫管理评估和品种选择
DOI：
10.5897/ajar2016.10887
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Stephen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Mumuni;S. Shaibu;H. Mohammed;MA Adams;K. Stephen
在加纳北部的两个社区--Savelugu和Bukpomo--举办了参与性农民田间论坛，以提高农民在豌豆生产中综合管理病虫害的能力。FFF包括对农民做法(FP)和病虫害综合管理(IPM)进行为期一年的比较评估。农民的做法完全依赖日历杀虫剂喷洒，而IPM地块则采用了经过验证的农艺做法和印楝萃取物进行虫害防治。结果表明，害虫密度(花蓟马、大蓟马、蚕豆蛾等)Savelugu和Bukpomo的FP和IPM小区的豆荚受损率和籽粒产量相似。部分预算分析显示，IPM的投资回报为正，FP的投资几乎为亏损。培训后投票箱测试显示，培训后80%的农民参与者在IPM方面的知识和技能有所提高，而培训前的这一比例约为30%。在参与式品种选择试验中，对FFF进行了一项辅助研究，以使农民接触到不同的豌豆基因型。结果表明，部分被农民选为营养生长期最偏爱的基因型也在结荚期选中，但这些偏爱与产量之间没有显着的相关性。这些调查结果是在通过赋予农民权力和参与技术产生和传播的可持续豌豆生产的背景下讨论的。
Participatory diagnostic farmer field fora (FFF) were conducted at two communities, Savelugu and Bukpomo, in northern Ghana to build the capacity of farmers on integrated pest management in cowpea production. The FFF involved a season-long comparative evaluation of farmers’ practices (FP) and integrated pest management (IPM). Farmers’ practices relied wholly on calendar insecticide sprays while IPM plots employed proven agronomic practices and treatment with neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) extract for insect pest control. Results showed that insect pest densities (Flower thrips, Megalurothrips sjostedti Trybom and pod-sucking bugs’ for example, Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal.) and percent damaged pods as well as grain yield were similar in FP and IPM plots at both Savelugu and Bukpomo. Partial budget analysis showed positive returns to investment in IPM and a near loss in FP. Post training ballot box test showed that 80% of the farmer participants across locations showed improved knowledge and skills in IPM after the training compared with about 30% before the training. An ancillary study to the FFF was conducted to expose the farmers to different cowpea genotypes in a participatory variety selection trial. Results showed that some of the genotypes selected by farmers as their most preferred genotypes at the vegetative stage were also selected at the podding stage but there were no significant correlations between these farmer preferences and yield. These findings are discussed in the context of sustainable cowpea production through farmer empowerment and involvement in technology generation and dissemination.