Effects of land use, topography, climate and socio-economic factors on geographical variation pattern of inland surface water quality in China
Effects of land use, topography, climate and socio-economic factors on geographical variation pattern of inland surface water quality in China
复制标题
土地利用、地形、气候和社会经济因素对中国内陆地表水水质地理变化格局的影响
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0217840
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Wang Yeqiao
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
You Qinghui;Fang Na;Liu Lingling;Yang Wenjing;Zhang Li;Wang Yeqiao
水质恶化已成为全球主要的环境问题。了解水质状况，识别水质影响因素，对水资源管理具有重要意义。然而，所报告的分析大多是在小的重点领域进行的。目前还不清楚，如果驱动水质的空间变化的因素将在扩展的空间尺度不同。本文利用中国内陆河流域的四个水质参数数据集，分析了中国内陆河水质的空间格局，pH、DO、NH 4 +-N和CODMn）和水质水平。我们测试了人为的影响（即，土地使用和社会经济）和自然（即，气候和地形）因素对水质空间变化的影响。研究结论认为，中国内陆地表水总体质量为III级（一般）。水质水平与CODMn和NH 4 +-N浓度有很强的相关性。与以往研究认为土地利用方式是内陆地表水水质的决定因素不同，本研究揭示了人为因素和自然因素在解释中国内陆地表水水质空间变异中的重要作用。在测试的解释变量中，流域内的平均海拔出现的最好的预测pH值，而年降水量和平均气温是最重要的解释变量CODMn和DO，分别。NH 4 +-N浓度和水质水平与流域森林覆盖率的相关性最强。与较小空间尺度下的研究相比，本研究发现地表水质量的影响因素不同，这表明在不同的空间尺度上考虑因素可能发挥不同的作用。因此，必须制定和实施相应的水质控制管理政策和措施。由于目前采用的参数监测内陆地表水水质在中国很大程度上是由自然变量的影响，需要额外的物理化学和生物指标的人为影响水质的稳健评估。
The deterioration of water quality has become a primary environmental concern worldwide. Understanding the status of water quality and identifying the influencing factors are important for water resources management. However, reported analyses have mostly been conducted in small and focused areas. It is still unclear if factors driving spatial variation in water quality would be different in extended spatial scales. In this paper, we analyzed spatial pattern of inland surface water quality in China using a dataset with four water quality parameters (i.e., pH, DO, NH4+-N and CODMn) and the water quality level. We tested the effects of anthropogenic (i.e., land use and socio-economic) and natural (i.e., climatic and topographic) factors on spatial variation in water quality. The study concluded that the overall inland surface water quality in China was at level III (fair). Water quality level was strongly correlated with CODMn and NH4+-N concentration. In contrast to reported studies that suggested land use patterns were the determinants of inland surface water quality, this study revealed that both anthropogenic and natural factors played important roles in explaining spatial variation of inland surface water quality in China. Among the tested explanatory variables, mean elevation within watershed appeared as the best predictor for pH, while annual precipitation and mean air temperature were the most important explanatory variables for CODMn and DO, respectively. NH4+-N concentration and water quality level were most strongly correlated with the percent of forest cover in watershed. Compared to studies at smaller spatial scales, this study found different influencing factors of surface water quality, suggesting that factors may play different roles at different spatial scales of consideration. Therefore management policies and measures in water quality control must be established and implemented accordingly. Since currently adopted parameters for monitoring of inland surface water quality in China are largely influenced by natural variables, additional physicochemical and biological indicators are needed for a robust assessment of human impacts on water quality.