The evolution of host use and unusual reproductive strategies in Achrysocharoides parasitoid wasps
The evolution of host use and unusual reproductive strategies in Achrysocharoides parasitoid wasps
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1420-9101.2005.00900.x
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发表时间：
2005-07-01
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Cook, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lopez-Vaamonde, C;Godfray, HCJ;Cook, JM
寄主选择和利用是Achrysocharoides寄生蜂寄生生态学的两个重要方面，这些寄生蜂具有显著的寄主特异性和不同寻常的后代性别分配。我们估计了15种Achrysocharoides的分子系统发育，并将其与宿主（植物和昆虫）系统发育进行了比较。这种三营养系统发育比较没有提供共种的证据，但拟寄生物确实显示了对植物属使用的系统发育保守。序列分化的模式也表明，拟寄生物比它们的寄主昆虫辐射得更晚（或进化得更快）。寄生蜂的产卵主要有三种类型：(1)单独的后代，(2)混合性别的后代和(3)分开（分裂）性别的后代。分裂性繁殖是非常罕见的，实际上仅限于Achrysocharoides，而其他类型的出现非常广泛。我们的系统发育表明，雌雄分开的繁殖群已经进化了两次，并为理论预测的那样，通过雌雄分开的繁殖群，从孤独的繁殖群过渡到混合的繁殖群提供了证据。
We studied host selection and exploitation, two crucial aspects of parasite ecology, in Achrysocharoides parasitoid wasps, which show remarkable host specificity and unusual offspring sex allocation. We estimated a molecular phylogeny of 15 Achrysocharoides species and compared this with host (plant and insect) phylogenies. This tri-trophic phylogenetic comparison provides no evidence for cospeciation, but parasitoids do show phylogenetic conservation of the use of plant genera. Patterns of sequence divergence also suggest that the parasitoids radiated more recently (or evolved much faster) than their insect hosts. Three main categories of brood production occur in parasitoids: (1) solitary offspring, (2) mixed sex broods and (3) separate (split) sex broods. Split sex broods are very rare and virtually restricted to Achrysocharoides, while the other types occur very widely. Our phylogeny suggests that split sex broods have evolved twice and provides evidence for a transition from solitary to mixed sex broods, via split sex broods, as predicted by theory.