Comparative Genomics in the grass family: Molecular characterization of grass genome structure and evolution
Comparative Genomics in the grass family: Molecular characterization of grass genome structure and evolution
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcf008
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Keller, B
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feuillet, C;Keller, B
禾本科植物的基因组在大小、倍性水平和染色体数目方面差异很大。尽管存在这些显著差异，但通过比较作图发现，遗传标记和基因的线性顺序（共线性）在不同草基因组之间非常保守。这种保护的潜力已经在几个方面得到了利用，例如将水稻定义为禾本科植物的模型基因组，以及设计更好的策略在大基因组中进行定位克隆。最近，在玉米、水稻、大麦和二倍体小麦等物种中开发的大型插入文库允许对大片段DNA序列的研究，并提供了对禾本科植物基因组织的深入了解。研究发现，基因并不是沿着染色体随机分布的，在基因组较大的物种中，存在高基因密度的簇。在DNA序列水平上进行的比较分析表明，在大多数情况下，草基因组之间的共线性保留在分子水平上（微共线性）。然而，详细的分析也揭示了微共线性的一些例外，这使我们深入了解了参与草基因组进化的机制。在某些情况下，使用水稻作为支持从其他草基因组中分离基因的模型将因局部重排而变得复杂。在这篇植物学简报中，我们介绍了禾本科植物比较基因组学的最新进展和未来前景。(C)2002年《植物学年鉴》（Annals of Botany Company）
The genomes of grasses are very different in terms of size, ploidy level and chromosome number. Despite these significant differences, it was found by comparative mapping that the linear order (colinearity) of genetic markers and genes is very well conserved between different grass genomes. The potential of such conservation has been exploited in several directions, e.g. in defining rice as a model genome for grasses and in designing better strategies for positional cloning in large genomes. Recently, the development of large insert libraries in species such as maize, rice, barley and diploid wheat has allowed the study of large stretches of DNA sequence and has provided insight into gene organization in grasses. It was found that genes are not distributed randomly along the chromosomes and that there are clusters of high gene density in species with large genomes. Comparative analysis performed at the DNA sequence level has demonstrated that colinearity between the grass genomes is retained at the molecular level (microcolinearity) in most cases. However, detailed analysis has also revealed a number of exceptions to microcolinearity, which have given insight into mechanisms that are involved in grass-genome evolution. In some cases, the use of rice as a model to support gene isolation from other grass genomes will be complicated by local rearrangements. In this Botanical Briefing, we present recent progress and future prospects of comparative genomics in grasses. (C) 2002 Annals of Botany Company.