Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence
Phylogenetic relationships of the New World titi monkeys (Callicebus): first appraisal of taxonomy based on molecular evidence
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DOI：
10.1186/s12983-016-0142-4
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发表时间：
2016-03-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Boubli, Jean P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Byrne, Hazel;Rylands, Anthony B.;Boubli, Jean P.
背景资料：Titi猴，Callicebus，是种类最丰富的灵长类动物，目前已知有34种，其中5种自2005年以来被描述。由于缺乏提提猴的分子数据，人们对它们的系统发育关系和分化时间知之甚少。为了澄清它们的进化历史，我们通过对15个物种的20个核基因座和两个线粒体基因座进行测序，组装了一个大型分子数据集，其中包括所有公认物种组的代表。系统发育关系推断使用级联最大似然和贝叶斯分析，使我们能够评估目前的分类学假设genus.Results：我们的研究结果显示四个不同的Callicebus分支，在大多数情况下与目前公认的形态学种组-torquatus组，personatus组，donacophilus组，和moloch组一致。cupreus和moloch组不是单系的，所有以前承认的cupreus组的物种都被重新分配到moloch组。两个主要的分歧事件的日期是中新世。torquatus组，最古老的辐射，发散c。大西洋森林中的personatus类群是在9-8 Ma从所有donacophilus和moloch物种的祖先中分离出来的。在分子水平上，尚缺乏将Callicebuscaligatus和C. alphanus，并建议C.应考虑将C. tagus作为多态性C. caligatus.Conclusions:综合分子生物学、形态学和指纹学证据，我们提出了一个新的属级分类：Cheracebus n. gen.在奥里诺科河，黑人和亚马逊河上游盆地（torquatus组），Callicebus托马斯，1903年，在大西洋森林（personatus组），Plecturocebus n. gen.在亚马逊河流域和查科地区（donacophilus和moloch组）。
Background: Titi monkeys, Callicebus, comprise the most species-rich primate genus-34 species are currently recognised, five of them described since 2005. The lack of molecular data for titi monkeys has meant that little is known of their phylogenetic relationships and divergence times. To clarify their evolutionary history, we assembled a large molecular dataset by sequencing 20 nuclear and two mitochondrial loci for 15 species, including representatives from all recognised species groups. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using concatenated maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses, allowing us to evaluate the current taxonomic hypothesis for the genus.Results: Our results show four distinct Callicebus clades, for the most part concordant with the currently recognised morphological species-groups-the torquatus group, the personatus group, the donacophilus group, and the moloch group. The cupreus and moloch groups are not monophyletic, and all species of the formerly recognized cupreus group are reassigned to the moloch group. Two of the major divergence events are dated to the Miocene. The torquatus group, the oldest radiation, diverged c. 11 Ma; and the Atlantic forest personatus group split from the ancestor of all donacophilus and moloch species at 9-8 Ma. There is little molecular evidence for the separation of Callicebus caligatus and C. dubius, and we suggest that C. dubius should be considered a junior synonym of a polymorphic C. caligatus.Conclusions: Considering molecular, morphological and biogeographic evidence, we propose a new genus level taxonomy for titi monkeys: Cheracebus n. gen. in the Orinoco, Negro and upper Amazon basins (torquatus group), Callicebus Thomas, 1903, in the Atlantic Forest (personatus group), and Plecturocebus n. gen. in the Amazon basin and Chaco region (donacophilus and moloch groups).