Identifying key socioecological factors influencing the expression of egalitarianism and inequality among foragers
Identifying key socioecological factors influencing the expression of egalitarianism and inequality among foragers
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确定影响采集者中平等主义和不平等表现的关键社会生态因素
DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2022.0311
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Codding, Brian F.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wilson, Kurt M.;Cole, Kasey E.;Codding, Brian F.
了解资源特性如何影响觅食种群之间社会和物质不平等的变化是一个突出的研究领域。然而，获得交叉比较的数据，从理论上知情的资源特征因素进行评估已被证明是困难的，特别是调查的相互作用的特点。因此，我们开发了一个基于代理的模型来评估初级资源的五个关键特征（可预测性，异质性，丰富性，规模经济和垄断性）如何构建回报，并探讨它们如何相互作用，以促进平等主义和不平等。使用集成机器学习方法分析的243种独特的资源特征组合的迭代模拟，我们发现关键资源的可预测性和异质性对平等主义和非平等主义结果的选择影响最大。这些结果有助于解释觅食种群中普遍存在的平均主义，因为许多群体可能依赖于相对较难预测且分布更均匀的资源。研究结果也有助于解释罕见的觅食不平等现象，因为与人种学和考古学的例子相比，不平等的例子强烈依赖于可预测和异质分布的资源。未来的工作量化这两个变量的可比措施，特别是，可能能够识别觅食不平等的其他实例。这篇文章是主题问题“不平等的进化生态学”的一部分。
Understanding how resource characteristics influence variability in social and material inequality among foraging populations is a prominent area of research. However, obtaining cross-comparative data from which to evaluate theoretically informed resource characteristic factors has proved difficult, particularly for investigating interactions of characteristics. Therefore, we develop an agent-based model to evaluate how five key characteristics of primary resources (predictability, heterogeneity, abundance, economy of scale and monopolizability) structure pay-offs and explore how they interact to favour both egalitarianism and inequality. Using iterated simulations from 243 unique combinations of resource characteristics analysed with an ensemble machine-learning approach, we find the predictability and heterogeneity of key resources have the greatest influence on selection for egalitarian and nonegalitarian outcomes. These results help explain the prevalence of egalitarianism among foraging populations, as many groups probably relied on resources that were both relatively less predictable and more homogeneously distributed. The results also help explain rare forager inequality, as comparison with ethnographic and archaeological examples suggests the instances of inequality track strongly with reliance on resources that were predictable and heterogeneously distributed. Future work quantifying comparable measures of these two variables, in particular, may be able to identify additional instances of forager inequality.This article is part of the theme issue ‘Evolutionary ecology of inequality’.
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DOI：
10.4324/9780203792704
发表时间：
1992
期刊：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
--
发表时间：
2014
期刊：
Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
影响因子：
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