MiRS: An All-Weather 1DVAR Satellite Data Assimilation and Retrieval System
MiRS: An All-Weather 1DVAR Satellite Data Assimilation and Retrieval System
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DOI：
10.1109/tgrs.2011.2158438
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Meng, Huan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Boukabara, Sid-Ahmed;Garrett, Kevin;Meng, Huan
一个一维变分系统已开发处理星载测量。它是一个迭代物理反演系统，可以找到一致的地球物理解决方案，同时适合所有辐射测量。该系统的特点之一是它适用于多云和降水条件。虽然原则上对所有适用辐射传输模型的传感器都有效，但迄今为止只对被动微波传感器进行了测试。微波综合反演系统（MiRS）通过寻找辐射测量学上合适的温度、湿度、液态云和水凝物的剖面，以及表面发射率光谱和皮肤温度来反演辐射传输方程。在状态向量中包含发射率谱使得该系统适用于全球，陆地、海洋、海冰和雪背景之间的唯一差异驻留在所选择的协方差矩阵中以在光谱上约束发射率。同样，在反演的状态矢量中包含云和水凝物参数使得多云和下雨辐射的同化/反演成为可能，因此，它为系统提供了全天候的能力。此外，MiRS是高度灵活的，它可以被用作检索工具（独立于数值天气预报）或作为同化系统时，与预测字段用作第一猜测和/或背景相结合。在MiRS中，首先将基本产品反演，然后将其解释为次级或衍生产品，如海冰浓度，雪水当量（基于反演的发射率）降雨率，总可降水量，积分云液量和冰水路径（基于反演的大气和水文气象产品）。MiRS系统于2007年在美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）的NOAA-18卫星上运行。从那时起，它已扩展到NOAA-19，Metop-A和DMSP-F16和F18 SSMI/S。本文概述了该系统，并提出了所有基本和衍生产品的评估工作的简要结果。
A 1-D variational system has been developed to process spaceborne measurements. It is an iterative physical inversion system that finds a consistent geophysical solution to fit all radiometric measurements simultaneously. One of the particularities of the system is its applicability in cloudy and precipitating conditions. Although valid, in principle, for all sensors for which the radiative transfer model applies, it has only been tested for passive microwave sensors to date. The Microwave Integrated Retrieval System (MiRS) inverts the radiative transfer equation by finding radiometrically appropriate profiles of temperature, moisture, liquid cloud, and hydrometeors, as well as the surface emissivity spectrum and skin temperature. The inclusion of the emissivity spectrum in the state vector makes the system applicable globally, with the only differences between land, ocean, sea ice, and snow backgrounds residing in the covariance matrix chosen to spectrally constrain the emissivity. Similarly, the inclusion of the cloud and hydrometeor parameters within the inverted state vector makes the assimilation/inversion of cloudy and rainy radiances possible, and therefore, it provides an all-weather capability to the system. Furthermore, MiRS is highly flexible, and it could be used as a retrieval tool (independent of numerical weather prediction) or as an assimilation system when combined with a forecast field used as a first guess and/or background. In the MiRS, the fundamental products are inverted first and then are interpreted into secondary or derived products such as sea ice concentration, snow water equivalent (based on the retrieved emissivity) rainfall rate, total precipitable water, integrated cloud liquid amount, and ice water path (based on the retrieved atmospheric and hydrometeor products). The MiRS system was implemented operationally at the U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) in 2007 for the NOAA-18 satellite. Since then, it has been extended to run for NOAA-19, Metop-A, and DMSP-F16 and F18 SSMI/S. This paper gives an overview of the system and presents brief results of the assessment effort for all fundamental and derived products.