Conceptualising acoustic and cognitive contributions to divided-attention listening within a data-limit versus resource-limit framework
Conceptualising acoustic and cognitive contributions to divided-attention listening within a data-limit versus resource-limit framework
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jml.2023.104427
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发表时间：
2023-05-21
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Mattys，Sven
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Knight，Sarah;Rakusen，Lyndon;Mattys，Sven
要理解听者如何将注意力分散到两个同时说话的人之间，需要对声学因素(能量掩蔽)和认知过程(控制听觉注意力)之间的相互作用进行建模。两个说话者之间的空间分离对这种互动的影响尚不清楚，因为分离可能会产生声学好处(从能量掩蔽中释放出来)和认知成本(增加对空间注意力控制的需求)。为了探索这个问题，我们操纵了两个同时说话的人之间能量掩蔽的程度(高和低)和空间分离(并置到二分式)。当高能量掩蔽时(实验1，未被操纵的说话者的声音)，由于逐渐从能量掩蔽中释放，转录性能从并置到二分单调地提高。当能量掩蔽较低时(实验2，带通滤波的说话者声音)，空间分离的好处消失了；在二分性条件下，表现甚至更差。此外，在这两个实验中，工作记忆的个体差异最好地预测了能量掩蔽较低的条件下的转录表现。这些结果表明，能量掩蔽是分散注意听力过程中的主要挑战，但当能量掩蔽减少时，认知控制和工作记忆的贡献可以观察到，至少在当前范式的背景下是这样。这些发现是根据Norman和Bobrow(1975)的数据受限与资源受限任务的概念来讨论的，我们认为这是一个很有前途的框架，可以重新解释噪声中语音感知研究的现有结果。
An understanding of how listeners divide their attention between two simultaneous talkers requires modelling the interaction between acoustic factors (energetic masking) and cognitive processes (control of auditory attention). The impact of spatial separation between the two talkers on this interaction is unclear, since separation is likely to create both acoustic benefits (release from energetic masking) and cognitive costs (increased demands on spatial attentional control). To explore this question, we manipulated the degree of energetic masking (high vs. low) and spatial separation (collocated to dichotic) between two simultaneous talkers. When energetic masking was high (Experiment 1, unmanipulated talker voices), transcription performance improved monotonically from collocated to dichotic, owing to a gradual release from energetic masking. When energetic masking was low (Experiment 2, bandpass-filtered talker voices), the benefit of spatial separation disappeared; performance even worsened in the dichotic condition. Additionally, across both experiments, individual differences in working memory best predicted transcription performance in conditions where energetic masking was low. These results suggest that energetic masking is the dominant challenge during divided-attention listening, but that the contribution of cognitive control and working memory can be observed when energetic masking is reduced, at least in the context of the current paradigm. The findings are discussed in light of Norman and Bobrow’s (1975) concept of data-limited vs. resource-limited tasks, which we propose is a promising framework for reinterpreting existing results from speech-in-noise perception research.