Neural induction, neural fate stabilization, and neural stem cells.
Neural induction, neural fate stabilization, and neural stem cells.
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DOI：
10.1100/tsw.2002.217
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发表时间：
2002-04-28
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Je HS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Moody SA;Je HS
干细胞疗法的前景预计将极大有利于神经退行性疾病的治疗。与这些疾病相关的进行性功能丧失的根本生物学原因是神经系统自我修复的自然速率极低。尽管成熟的中枢神经系统含有数量有限的自我更新干细胞，但它们仅对大脑的少数区域做出了重大贡献。因此，了解如何操纵胚胎干细胞和成体神经干细胞，使它们的后代能够重新增殖并功能性修复受损的大脑区域就显得尤为重要。关于神经发育正常过程的大量知识库已经收集起来。现在是将这些信息应用于解决获得足够的神经定向干细胞用于临床用途的问题的时候了。在本文中，我们回顾了神经诱导过程（胚胎外胚层细胞被引导形成神经板）和神经命运稳定过程（神经板细胞数量增加并巩固其神经命运）。我们将介绍已知参与这些过程的转录因子和信号分子的当前知识。我们将讨论这些因素如何与操纵胚胎干细胞表达神经命运以及产生大量用于移植治疗的神经定向但未分化的干细胞相关。
The promise of stem cell therapy is expected to greatly benefit the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. An underlying biological reason for the progressive functional losses associated with these diseases is the extremely low natural rate of self-repair in the nervous system. Although the mature CNS harbors a limited number of self-renewing stem cells, these make a significant contribution to only a few areas of brain. Therefore, it is particularly important to understand how to manipulate embryonic stem cells and adult neural stem cells so their descendants can repopulate and functionally repair damaged brain regions. A large knowledge base has been gathered about the normal processes of neural development. The time has come for this information to be applied to the problems of obtaining sufficient, neurally committed stem cells for clinical use. In this article we review the process of neural induction, by which the embryonic ectodermal cells are directed to form the neural plate, and the process of neural�fate stabilization, by which neural plate cells expand in number and consolidate their neural fate. We will present the current knowledge of the transcription factors and signaling molecules that are known to be involved in these processes. We will discuss how these factors may be relevant to manipulating embryonic stem cells to express a neural fate and to produce large numbers of neurally committed, yet undifferentiated, stem cells for transplantation therapies.