Impression formation: the role of expressive behavior.
Impression formation: the role of expressive behavior.
复制标题
印象形成：表达行为的作用。
DOI：
10.1037//0022-3514.50.2.421
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发表时间：
1986
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
H. Friedman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Riggio;H. Friedman
本研究探讨了个性/社会技能和表达风格的个体差异对印象形成的影响。特别关注的是非语言行为在形成初步印象中的作用。62名受试者进行了自我报告的个性和沟通技巧量表，摆出的情感发送能力，和身体的吸引力。然后，受试者在给出自发的“解释”时被录像。“受过训练的编码员测量了录像带中受试者表现出的五个独立的非语言线索因素。一组未经训练的评委观看了录像带，并根据受试者的可爱程度、演讲效果和表达自信度来评定他们对受试者的印象。与非语言技能和外向性得分较低的男性相比，非语言技能和外向性的男性受试者倾向于表现出更多的外向关注和流畅的表达行为，并给法官留下更好的印象。非语言技能熟练的女性表现出更多的面部表情，这导致了更有利的初步印象。性别差异可能反映了男性和女性在获得和使用表达性非语言线索方面的基本差异。
This research examined the effects of personality/social skills and individual differences in expressive style on impression formation. Particular attention was given to the role of nonverbal behaviors in the formation of initial impressions. Sixty-two subjects were measured on self-report personality and communication skill scales, on posed emotional sending ability, and on physical attractiveness. Subjects were then videotaped while giving a spontaneous "explanation." Trained coders measured five separate nonverbal cue factors displayed by the subjects in the videotapes. Groups of untrained judges viewed the tapes and rated their impressions of the subjects on scales of likability, speaking effectiveness, and expressivity-confidence. Male subjects who were nonverbally skilled and extraverted tended to display more outwardly focused and fluid expressive behaviors, and made more favorable impressions on judges, than did males who scored low on the measures of nonverbal skills and extraversion. Females who were nonverbally skilled displayed more facial expressiveness, which led to more favorable initial impressions. Sex differences may reflect basic differences in the acquisition and use of expressive nonverbal cues by males and females.