Genomic organization and evolution of immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancers and kappa deleting element in mammals
Genomic organization and evolution of immunoglobulin kappa gene enhancers and kappa deleting element in mammals
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DOI：
10.1016/j.molimm.2009.05.180
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发表时间：
2009-09-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Nei, Masatoshi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Das, Sabyasachi;Nikolaidis, Nikolas;Nei, Masatoshi
我们研究了11种哺乳动物基因组序列中免疫球蛋白κ缺失元件（KDE）和3种κ增强子（KE5 ′、KE3 ′ P和KE3 ′ D）的基因组结构和进化模式。我们的研究结果表明，KDE和kappa增强子的相对位置和基因组组织在所有研究的哺乳动物中是保守的，并且在很长的进化时间（类似于1.2亿年的哺乳动物进化）内不受免疫球蛋白kappa（IGK）轻链位点局部重排的影响。我们的观察结果表明，在这些调控元件的序列基序已被保守的纯化选择，以实现适当的调节IGK轻链基因的表达。这三个增强子在所有哺乳动物中的保守性表明，这些物种可能使用类似的机制来调节IGK基因的表达。然而，IGK增强子的一些活性可能在真兽亚目中进化。所有哺乳动物（包括鸭嘴兽）都存在三种IGK增强子、KDE和其他重组元件（RE），这表明这些基因组元件在哺乳动物辐射之前就已经存在。(C)2009爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
We have studied the genomic structure and evolutionary pattern of immunoglobulin kappa deleting element (KDE) and three kappa enhancers (KE5', KE3'P and KE3'D) in eleven mammalian genomic sequences. Our results show that the relative positions and the genomic organization of the KDE and the kappa enhancers are conserved in all mammals studied and have not been affected by the local rearrangements in the immunoglobulin kappa (IGK) light chain locus over a long evolutionary time (similar to 120 million years of mammalian evolution). Our observations suggest that the sequence motifs in these regulatory elements have been conserved by purifying selection to achieve proper regulation of the expression of the IGK light chain genes. The conservation of the three enhancers in all mammals indicates that these species may use similar mechanisms to regulate IGK gene expression. However, some activities of the IGK enhancers might have evolved in the eutherian lineage. The presence of the three IGK enhancers, KDE, and other recombining elements (REs) in all mammals (including platypus) suggest that these genomic elements were in place before the mammalian radiation. (C) 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.