A three-dimensional small-deformation theory for electrohydrodynamics of dielectric drops

A three-dimensional small-deformation theory for electrohydrodynamics of dielectric drops
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介电滴电流体动力学的三维小变形理论

DOI:
10.1017/jfm.2020.924
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Saintillan, David
Saintillan, David
中科院分区:
工程技术2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Das, Debasish;Saintillan, David

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液滴的电流体动力学是一个经典的流体力学问题,其中变形和微尺度流动是通过施加外部电场而产生的。在弱电场中,作用于液滴表面的电应力驱动液滴内外的四极流,使液滴呈现稳定的轴对称形状。这种现象是最好的解释的前提下,一个净表面电荷的界面处,而体相流体是电中性的漏电介质模型。在介电液滴的情况下,增加电场超过临界值可以导致液滴开始自发旋转并呈现稳定的倾斜形状。这种破碎液滴的现象,称为昆克旋转,是由于界面电转矩对抗液滴上的粘性转矩的作用而产生的,从而在足够强的磁场中产生稳定的旋转。在这里,我们提出了一个小变形理论的电介质液滴的完整的Melcher-Taylor漏电介质模型在三维空间。我们的理论是有效的,在强毛细作用力和高粘性液滴的限制,并能够捕捉到昆克旋转的过渡。一组耦合的非线性常微分方程的诱导偶极矩和形状函数的推导,其解决方案与实验结果相匹配,在适当的小变形制度。保留的应变和旋转组件的流中的电荷传输的控制方程,使我们能够进行线性稳定性分析,并推导出一个标准的所施加的电场强度,必须克服的昆克旋转的粘性液滴的发病。
Electrohydrodynamics of drops is a classic fluid mechanical problem where deformations and microscale flows are generated by application of an external electric field. In weak fields, electric stresses acting on the drop surface drive quadrupolar flows inside and outside and cause the drop to adopt a steady axisymmetric shape. This phenomenon is best explained by the leaky-dielectric model under the premise that a net surface charge is present at the interface while the bulk fluids are electroneutral. In the case of dielectric drops, increasing the electric field beyond a critical value can cause the drop to start rotating spontaneously and assume a steady tilted shape. This symmetry-breaking phenomenon, called Quincke rotation, arises due to the action of the interfacial electric torque countering the viscous torque on the drop, giving rise to steady rotation in sufficiently strong fields. Here, we present a small-deformation theory for the electrohydrodynamics of dielectric drops for the complete Melcher–Taylor leaky-dielectric model in three dimensions. Our theory is valid in the limits of strong capillary forces and highly viscous drops and is able to capture the transition to Quincke rotation. A coupled set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations for the induced dipole moments and shape functions are derived whose solution matches well with experimental results in the appropriate small-deformation regime. Retention of both the straining and rotational components of the flow in the governing equation for charge transport enables us to perform a linear stability analysis and derive a criterion for the applied electric field strength that must be overcome for the onset of Quincke rotation of a viscous drop.
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