Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective.
Estrogen in the male: a historical perspective.
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DOI：
10.1093/biolre/ioy043
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发表时间：
2018-07-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Cooke PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hess RA;Cooke PS
传统上，雌激素被认为是女性荷尔蒙。然而，90多年前人们就知道男性体内存在雌性激素。最初的研究表明，雌激素对男性生殖有害，因为外源治疗会导致发育异常。然而，睾丸中雌激素的合成和睾丸输尿管液中高浓度的17β-雌二醇表明，雌性激素可能在正常男性生殖中起作用。雌激素受体的鉴定和雌二醇结合的生物放射性同位素方法的发展表明，雄性生殖道从新生儿期到成年期广泛表达雌激素受体。这表明雌激素在正常发育中，特别是在传出小管中发挥作用，其上皮是男性生殖道中发育过程中首先表达雌激素受体的部位，也是一个表达量极高的部位。在20世纪90年代，我们对雄性雌激素功能的理解发生了范式转变，在敲除小鼠模型中，雌激素的产生或受体的表达不存在。这些基因敲除动物表明，雌激素的主要受体（雌激素受体1 [ESR1]）对于男性生育能力和出射小管、附睾和前列腺的发育至关重要，仅ESR1的膜部分缺失就足以导致广泛的男性生殖异常和不育。这篇综述提供了主要的发现和发展的观点，这些发现和发展导致了我们目前对雌激素在男性生殖道中的重要性的认识，并形成了我们对雌激素在男性生理作用的不断发展的概念。最初被认为对男性有害的雌激素活性，现在已被证明在局部大量产生，对男性生殖道发育和生育至关重要。
Estrogens have traditionally been considered female hormones. Nevertheless, the presence of estrogen in males has been known for over 90 years. Initial studies suggested that estrogen was deleterious to male reproduction because exogenous treatments induced developmental abnormalities. However, demonstrations of estrogen synthesis in the testis and high concentrations of 17β-estradiol in rete testis fluid suggested that the female hormone might have a function in normal male reproduction. Identification of estrogen receptors and development of biological radioisotope methods to assess estradiol binding revealed that the male reproductive tract expresses estrogen receptor extensively from the neonatal period to adulthood. This indicated a role for estrogens in normal development, especially in efferent ductules, whose epithelium is the first in the male reproductive tract to express estrogen receptor during development and a site of exceedingly high expression. In the 1990s, a paradigm shift occurred in our understanding of estrogen function in the male, ushered in by knockout mouse models where estrogen production or expression of its receptors was not present. These knockout animals revealed that estrogen's main receptor (estrogen receptor 1 [ESR1]) is essential for male fertility and development of efferent ductules, epididymis, and prostate, and that loss of only the membrane fraction of ESR1 was sufficient to induce extensive male reproductive abnormalities and infertility. This review provides perspectives on the major discoveries and developments that led to our current knowledge of estrogen's importance in the male reproductive tract and shaped our evolving concept of estrogen's physiological role in the male. Estrogenic activity, which was first thought to be harmful to males, has now been shown to be produced locally in significant quantities and to be essential for male reproductive tract development and fertility.
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影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Cavalcanti, Fernanda N.;Lucas, Thais F. G.;Porto, Catarina S.
通讯作者：
Porto, Catarina S.
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Burns, Katherine A.;Li, Yin;Korach, Kenneth S.
通讯作者：
Korach, Kenneth S.
影响因子：
2.9
作者：
Chen, Ming;Yeh, Chiuan-Ren;Yeh, Shuyuan
通讯作者：
Yeh, Shuyuan
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0808742106
发表时间：
2009-02-10
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Billon-Gales, Audrey;Fontaine, Coralie;Arnal, Jean-Francois
通讯作者：
Arnal, Jean-Francois
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Abot, Anne;Fontaine, Coralie;Arnal, Jean-Francois
通讯作者：
Arnal, Jean-Francois