Racial Bias Reduces Empathic Sensorimotor Resonance with Other-Race Pain
Racial Bias Reduces Empathic Sensorimotor Resonance with Other-Race Pain
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.071
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发表时间：
2010-06-08
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Aglioti, Salvatore M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Avenanti, Alessio;Sirigu, Angela;Aglioti, Salvatore M.
虽然社会心理学研究表明，种族主义往往表现为缺乏同情心[1，2]，即，分享和理解他人的感受和意图的能力[3-7]，对相同或不同种族个体的疼痛的不同移情反应的证据是微薄的[8，9]。使用经颅磁刺激，我们探索了黑人和白色个体的感觉运动共情脑反应[10-15]，这些个体表现出内隐而非外显的内群体偏好和种族特异性自主反应[16-20]。我们发现，观察组内模型的疼痛会抑制旁观者的皮质脊髓系统，就好像他们感觉到疼痛一样[10-15，21，22]。黑人和白色人在看到陌生人、非常不熟悉的紫色手模特的痛苦时也表现出共情反应。相比之下，没有替代映射的个人的痛苦文化标记为外群体成员的基础上，他们的肤色被发现。重要的是，群体特异性缺乏共情反应是在旁观者表现出更强的内隐种族偏见。这些结果表明，人类对陌生人的痛苦会产生共鸣[3-7]。然而，种族偏见和刻板印象可能会改变这种反应，使其成为群体特异性的感觉运动共振缺乏[1-3，9，23，24]。
Although social psychology studies suggest that racism often manifests itself as a lack of empathy [1, 2], i.e., the ability to share and comprehend others' feelings and intentions [3-7], evidence for differential empathic reactivity to the pain of same- or different-race individuals is meager [8, 9]. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation, we explored sensorimotor empathic brain responses [10-15] in black and white individuals who exhibited implicit but not explicit ingroup preference and race-specific autonomic reactivity [16-20]. We found that observing the pain of ingroup models inhibited the onlookers' corticospinal system as if they were feeling the pain [10-15, 21, 22]. Both black and white individuals exhibited empathic reactivity also when viewing the pain of stranger, very unfamiliar, violet-hand models. By contrast, no vicarious mapping of the pain of individuals culturally marked as outgroup members on the basis of their skin color was found. Importantly, group-specific lack of empathic reactivity was higher in the onlookers who exhibited stronger implicit racial bias. These results indicate that human beings react empathically to the pain of stranger individuals [3-7]. However, racial bias and stereotypes may change this reactivity into a group-specific lack of sensorimotor resonance [1-3, 9, 23, 24].