Emerging challenges of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems: A diatom perspective.
Emerging challenges of the impacts of pharmaceuticals on aquatic ecosystems: A diatom perspective.
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药物对水生生态系统影响的新挑战：硅藻视角。
DOI：
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162939
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kock A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Kock A
药物是一种普遍存在的新兴污染物，由于其生物效力和对野生动物和人类产生影响的潜力，具有相当重要的意义。在陆地、海洋、淡水和过渡性沃茨以及栖息在这些水域的动物和大型植物中，药物已经被量化。药物可以通过不同的人类和兽医途径进入水道，传统的废水处理无法完全去除药物，向水生生态系统排放的数量往往未知。然而，关于药物对水生食物网底层物种的影响，特别是对浮游植物的影响，现有的信息很少，研究通常集中在鱼类和水生无脊椎动物上。硅藻是浮游植物的主要种类之一，是水生系统中最丰富和最重要的生物之一。作为初级生产者，硅藻产生世界上40%的氧气，是初级消费者的重要食物来源。硅藻也可用于污染水体的生物修复，但可能最为人所知的是作为水质研究的生物指示剂。然而，在生态毒理学研究中，为了评估所关注的污染物的影响，这一关键的非目标群体往往被忽视。观察到的药物对硅藻的影响有可能被用作药物对更高营养级生物和更广泛的生态系统影响的指标。本综述的目的是提出一个综合的研究药物暴露于硅藻，考虑生态毒性，生物修复和硅藻作为生物指示剂的作用。我们强调需要解决的重大遗漏和知识空白，以实现硅藻在未来风险评估方法中的潜在作用，并帮助评估药物在当地和全球范围内对水生环境的影响。
Pharmaceuticals are a ubiquitous group of emerging pollutants of considerable importance due to their biological potency and potential to elicit effects in wildlife and humans. Pharmaceuticals have been quantified in terrestrial, marine, fresh, and transitional waters, as well as the fauna and macro-flora that inhabit them. Pharmaceuticals can enter water ways through different human and veterinary pathways with traditional wastewater treatment, unable to completely remove pharmaceuticals, discharging often unknown quantities to aquatic ecosystems. However, there is a paucity of available information regarding the effects of pharmaceuticals on species at the base of aquatic food webs, especially on phytoplankton, with research typically focussing on fish and aquatic invertebrates. Diatoms are one of the main classes of phytoplankton and are some of the most abundant and important organisms in aquatic systems. As primary producers, diatoms generate ∼40 % of the world's oxygen and are a vital food source for primary consumers. Diatoms can also be used for bioremediation of polluted water bodies but perhaps are best known as bio-indicators for water quality studies. However, this keystone, non-target group is often ignored during ecotoxicological studies to assess the effects of pollutants of concern. Observed effects of pharmaceuticals on diatoms have the potential to be used as an indicator of pharmaceutical-induced impacts on higher trophic level organisms and wider ecosystem effects. The aim of this review is to present a synthesis of research on pharmaceutical exposure to diatoms, considering ecotoxicity, bioremediation and the role of diatoms as bio-indicators. We highlight significant omissions and knowledge gaps which need addressing to realise the potential role of diatoms in future risk assessment approaches and help evaluate the impacts of pharmaceuticals in the aquatic environment at local and global scales.