The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States
The impact of overtime and long work hours on occupational injuries and illnesses: new evidence from the United States
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DOI：
10.1136/oem.2004.016667
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Banks, SM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dembe, AE;Erickson, JB;Banks, SM
目的：在美国具有全国代表性的工作成年人样本中，分析加班和延长工作时间对职业伤害和疾病风险的影响。方法：使用参加全国青年纵向调查（NLSY）的 10 793 名美国人的回答来评估工人 1987 年至 2000 年间的工作经历、工作时间表以及职业伤害和疾病的发生情况。总共 110 236 名工作人员对记录进行了分析，涵盖 89 729 人年的累计工作时间。计算每个 NLSY 调查期间五个暴露类别中每一个类别的汇总发病率。在调整了年龄、性别、职业、行业和地区后，采用多变量分析技术来估计每天长时间工作、每周延长工作时间、长时间通勤时间和加班安排在报告工伤或疾病方面的相对风险。结果：在调整这些因素后，有加班安排的工作与没有加班的工作相比，受伤风险率高出 61%。每天工作至少 12 小时与危险率增加 37% 相关，每周工作至少 60 小时与危险率增加 23% 相关。观察到了强烈的剂量反应效应，工伤率（特定工时中每 100 个累计工人年）随着工人习惯工时中每天（或每周）的工时数而增加。结论：结果表明，工作时间长的工时安排并不仅仅因为它们集中在固有危险的行业或职业中，或者因为长时间工作的人花费更多的总时间处于“工伤风险”中，因此风险更大。预防工伤的策略应考虑改变日程安排、工作重新设计以及针对涉及加班和延长工作时间的工作人员的健康保护计划。
Aims: To analyse the impact of overtime and extended working hours on the risk of occupational injuries and illnesses among a nationally representative sample of working adults from the United States.Methods: Responses from 10 793 Americans participating in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) were used to evaluate workers' job histories, work schedules, and occurrence of occupational injury and illness between 1987 and 2000. A total of 110 236 job records were analysed, encompassing 89 729 person-years of accumulated working time. Aggregated incidence rates in each of five exposure categories were calculated for each NLSY survey period. Multivariate analytical techniques were used to estimate the relative risk of long working hours per day, extended hours per week, long commute times, and overtime schedules on reporting a work related injury or illness, after adjusting for age, gender, occupation, industry, and region.Results: After adjusting for those factors, working in jobs with overtime schedules was associated with a 61% higher injury hazard rate compared to jobs without overtime. Working at least 12 hours per day was associated with a 37% increased hazard rate and working at least 60 hours per week was associated with a 23% increased hazard rate. A strong dose-response effect was observed, with the injury rate ( per 100 accumulated worker-years in a particular schedule) increasing in correspondence to the number of hours per day ( or per week) in the workers' customary schedule.Conclusions: Results suggest that job schedules with long working hours are not more risky merely because they are concentrated in inherently hazardous industries or occupations, or because people working long hours spend more total time "at risk" for a work injury. Strategies to prevent work injuries should consider changes in scheduling practices, job redesign, and health protection programmes for people working in jobs involving overtime and extended hours.