Diversity of Lipid Distribution in Fish Skeletal Muscle
Diversity of Lipid Distribution in Fish Skeletal Muscle
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DOI：
10.2108/zs150096
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Ushio, Hideki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kaneko, Gen;Shirakami, Hirohito;Ushio, Hideki
脂肪组织是一种脂质储存器官，其特征是脂肪细胞明显积聚。虽然脂肪组织存在于脊椎动物身体的各个部位，但尚不清楚这些组织是否具有共同的祖先起源或通过独立的脂肪细胞积累事件在几个系统发育谱系中进化。为了深入了解脊椎动物脂肪组织的进化历史，我们通过油红O染色确定了脂肪细胞在8个目10种硬骨鱼骨骼肌中的分布：Tetraodontiformes，Pleuronectiformes，Spariformes，Salmoniformes，Clupeiformes，Beloniformes，Osmeriformes和Cypriniformes。在许多物种中观察到脂肪细胞在肌隔中的积累，包括红鲷、虹鳟、太平洋鲱鱼、太平洋秋刀鱼、斑马鱼和巨型达尼欧。我们还发现了脂肪细胞的一些目、种和游泳模式特异性分布模式：1）在四齿目中几乎完全没有肌内脂肪细胞（torafugu和斑点绿色河豚），2）日本比目鱼鳍斜肌中有明显的脂肪细胞积累，3）香鱼背鳍根部有大量肌内脂肪组织，（4）中上层洄游鱼类（太平洋鲱鱼和秋刀鱼）的皮下脂肪组织和红肌脂肪组成的厚脂层。值得注意的是，太平洋鲱鱼和太平洋秋刀鱼是具有相似生态位和游泳模式的遗传学上不同的物种，这表明它们类似的脂肪细胞/脂质分布模式是趋同进化的结果。脂肪组织的潜在异质性来源对其功能多样性的解释具有重要意义。
Adipose tissue is a lipid storage organ characterized by the pronounced accumulation of adipocytes. Although adipose tissues are found in various parts of the vertebrate body, it is unclear whether these tissues have a common ancestral origin or have evolved in several phylogenetic lineages by independent adipocyte accumulation events. To gain insight into the evolutionary history of vertebrate adipose tissues, we determined the distribution of adipocytes by oil red O staining in skeletal muscle of 10 teleost species spanning eight orders: Tetraodontiformes, Pleuronectiformes, Spariformes, Salmoniformes, Clupeiformes, Beloniformes, Osmeriformes, and Cypriniformes. Accumulation of adipocytes in the myoseptum was observed in many species, including red sea-bream, rainbow trout, Pacific herring, Pacific saury, zebrafish and giant danio. We also found some order-, species-, and swimming mode-specific distribution patterns of adipocytes: 1) almost complete absence of intramuscular adipocytes in the order Tetraodontiformes (torafugu and spotted green pufferfish), 2) clear adipocyte accumulation in the inclinator muscles of fin in Japanese flounder, 3) a large intramuscular adipose tissue at the root of the dorsal fin in ayu, and 4) thick lipid layers consisting of subcutaneous adipose tissue and red muscle lipids in pelagic migratory fish (Pacific herring and Pacific saury). Of note, Pacific herring and Pacific saury are phylogenetically distinct species sharing a similar niche and swimming mode, suggesting that their analogous adipocyte/lipid distribution patterns are the consequence of convergent evolution. The potentially heterogeneous origin of adipose tissues has significant implications for the interpretation of their functional diversity.