Forest management for mitigation and adaptation to climate change: Insights from long-term silviculture experiments
Forest management for mitigation and adaptation to climate change: Insights from long-term silviculture experiments
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2011.05.014
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发表时间：
2011-09-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Palik, Brian J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D'Amato, Anthony W.;Bradford, John B.;Palik, Brian J.
制定应对全球气候变化的管理战略已成为影响地球仪森林管理的一个日益重要的问题。目前，正在提出的管理办法旨在：（1）通过增加森林碳储存来减缓气候变化;（2）通过保持森林的组成和结构复杂来促进适应。然而，人们对这两个目标的兼容性或特定管理制度在同时实现适应和减缓方面的长期效力知之甚少。为了满足这一需求，我们研究了林分水平的碳和复杂性的反应，使用五个长期（> 50年）造林实验内的上五大湖地区，美国。特别是，从三个间伐实验和两个选择方法实验在北方硬木系统分析了活树碳储量和固碳率，组成和结构的复杂性，以阐明管理对这些生态系统属性的长期影响和缓解和适应目标的一般兼容性。我们观察到大树密度随林龄的增加而增加，林分蓄积水平与活树碳储量呈正相关。更重要的是，我们的研究结果清楚地确定了每项研究中实现减缓和适应目标之间的权衡。例如，保持较高的库存水平（即，通过增加碳储存增强缓解）导致林分水平结构和组成复杂性的降低（即，降低适应能力）。此外，活树的碳增量率也是最低的最高库存水平内，尽管这些立场条件的好处，以最大限度地提高碳储量。总的来说，这些研究结果强调了避免严格遵守单一目标的重要性，例如最大限度的现场碳储存，而不认识到对环境变化背景下确保长期生态系统功能至关重要的其他生态系统组成部分的潜在后果。平衡这些目标的一个潜在的林分水平的战略可能是采用多年龄的管理系统，如不规则的防护林和选择系统，在保留的成熟树木中保持很大比例的碳储存，同时使用间伐创造空间异质性，促进更高的固碳率在较小的，年轻的树木，同时提高结构和成分的复杂性。(C)2011 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
Developing management strategies for addressing global climate change has become an increasingly important issue influencing forest management around the globe. Currently, management approaches are being proposed that intend to (1) mitigate climate change by enhancing forest carbon stores and (2) foster adaptation by maintaining compositionally and structurally complex forests. However, little is known about the compatibility of these two objectives or the long-term efficacy of a given management regime at simultaneously achieving adaptation and mitigation. To address this need, we examined stand-level carbon and complexity responses using five long-term (> 50 yrs) silviculture experiments within the upper Great Lakes region, USA. In particular, live tree carbon stores and sequestration rates, and compositional and structural complexity were analyzed from three thinning experiments in Pinus resinosa and two selection method experiments in northern hardwood systems to elucidate the long-term effects of management on these ecosystem attributes and the general compatibility of mitigation and adaptation objectives.As expected, we observed a general increase in large tree densities with stand age and positive relationships between stand stocking level and live tree carbon stores. More importantly, our results clearly identify tradeoffs between the achievement of mitigation and adaptation objectives across each study. For example, maintaining higher stocking levels (i.e., enhanced mitigation by increasing carbon stores) resulted in decreases in stand-level structural and compositional complexity (i.e., reduced adaptation potential). In addition, rates of live tree carbon increment were also the lowest within the highest stocking levels; despite the benefits of these stand conditions to maximizing carbon stores. Collectively, these findings underscore the importance of avoiding rigid adherence to a single objective, such as maximum on-site carbon stores, without recognizing potential consequences to other ecosystem components crucial to ensuring long-term ecosystem functioning within the context of environmental change. One potential stand-level strategy for balancing these goals may be to employ multi-aged management systems, such as irregular shelterwood and selection systems, that maintain a large proportion of carbon stores in retained mature trees while using thinning to create spatial heterogeneity that promotes higher sequestration rates in smaller, younger trees and simultaneously enhances structural and compositional complexity. (C) 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.