The Early Stages of Heart Development: Insights from Chicken Embryos.
The Early Stages of Heart Development: Insights from Chicken Embryos.
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DOI：
10.3390/jcdd3020012
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发表时间：
2016-04-05
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Münsterberg A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wittig JG;Münsterberg A
心脏是发育中胚胎的第一个功能器官，对其形成所涉及的分子和细胞机制的详细了解可以深入了解影响其功能的先天性畸形，从而影响生物体的生存。由于许多发育机制是高度保守的，因此可以从无脊椎动物和脊椎动物模式生物的观察结果推断人类。本文将重点介绍通过研究鸟类胚胎，特别是鸡的心脏发育所作出的贡献。鸡胚的主要优点是它们可用于手术操作和功能干扰方法，包括获得和丧失功能。除了在卵内进行的实验之外，用于离体培养、基因组或生物化学方法的组织解剖是直接的。此外，胚胎可以培养用于延时成像，这使得能够跟踪荧光标记的细胞和组织形态发生的详细分析。由于这些特征，对鸡胚胎的研究导致了重要的发现，通常是对小鼠和斑马鱼遗传研究的补充。除了包括一些历史方面，我们在这里介绍了一些使用鸡模型理解早期心脏发育的关键进展。
The heart is the first functioning organ in the developing embryo and a detailed understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in its formation provides insights into congenital malformations affecting its function and therefore the survival of the organism. Because many developmental mechanisms are highly conserved, it is possible to extrapolate from observations made in invertebrate and vertebrate model organisms to humans. This review will highlight the contributions made through studying heart development in avian embryos, particularly the chicken. The major advantage of chick embryos is their accessibility for surgical manipulation and functional interference approaches, both gain- and loss-of-function. In addition to experiments performed in ovo, the dissection of tissues for ex vivo culture, genomic, or biochemical approaches is straightforward. Furthermore, embryos can be cultured for time-lapse imaging, which enables tracking of fluorescently labeled cells and detailed analysis of tissue morphogenesis. Owing to these features, investigations in chick embryos have led to important discoveries, often complementing genetic studies in mice and zebrafish. As well as including some historical aspects, we cover here some of the crucial advances made in understanding early heart development using the chicken model.