Osteocyte: a Cellular Basis for Mechanotransduction in Bone
Osteocyte: a Cellular Basis for Mechanotransduction in Bone
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DOI：
10.1299/jbse.2.150
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发表时间：
2007
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Guoliang Gu;K. Kurata;Zhi Chen;K. Väänänen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Guoliang Gu;K. Kurata;Zhi Chen;K. Väänänen
骨细胞是骨中最丰富的细胞类型，也是唯一位于矿化基质中的细胞类型。骨的惊人结构设计预示了骨细胞在决定骨结构和功能中的重要作用。骨细胞通过缝隙连接相互连接，并在矿化骨基质中形成三维细胞网络。最近的研究表明，骨细胞不仅是被动的旁观者，而且在全身磷酸盐和钙代谢中具有主动调节作用。骨细胞是感知骨中机械载荷的细胞。它们通过产生和分泌多种生物活性物质（包括一氧化氮和胰头素）来响应机械刺激，从而将负载信息传递给效应细胞，如成骨细胞和破骨细胞。目前的数据表明，骨细胞积极抑制骨细胞骨吸收。当骨细胞死亡时，这种抑制作用被关闭，破骨细胞被激活。这种作用机制可以解释应力诱导微裂纹发生区域的靶向重塑。骨细胞也可以调节成骨细胞的功能。骨细胞感受机械刺激，通过细胞网络传递信号，调节成骨细胞和破骨细胞在骨重建过程中的功能。
Osteocyte is the most abundant cell type in bone, and the only cell type located inside the mineralized matrix. The striking structural design of bone predicts an important role for osteocytes in determining bone structure and function. Osteocytes are connected with each other via gap junctions and form a three dimensional cellular network in mineralized bone matrix. Recently, it has been shown that osteocytes are not only passive bystanders, but also have an active regulatory role in whole body phosphate and calcium metabolism. Osteocytes are cells which sense mechanical loading in bone. They respond to mechanical stimuli by producing and secreting several bioactive substances including nitric oxide and prostaglandins and thus transmit messages of loading to effector cells, like osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Present data suggest that osteocytes actively inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption. Whenever osteocytes die, this inhibitory effect is turned off and osteoclasts are activated. This mechanism of action could explain targeted remodeling in the region of stress induced microcracks happened. Osteocytes can also modulate osteoblasts function. In conclusion, osteocytes sense mechanical stimuli, transmit signals through cellular network and regulate osteoblast and osteoclast function during bone remodeling.