Potency trends of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol in cannabis in the Netherlands: 2005-15.

Potency trends of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and cannabinol in cannabis in the Netherlands: 2005-15.
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荷兰大麻中 Δ9-四氢大麻酚、大麻二酚和大麻酚的效力趋势：2005-15 年。

DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Addiction
影响因子：
6
通讯作者：
T. Brunt
T. Brunt
中科院分区：
医学1区
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Niesink;S. Rigter;M. Koeter;T. Brunt

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背景与目的 2000年至2005年期间，荷兰咖啡店出售的大麻中Δ（9）-四氢大麻酚的平均百分比大幅增加;国内产品（Nederwiet和Nederhasj）的效力特别增加。与进口大麻相比，Nederwiet几乎不含任何大麻二酚（CBD），大麻素被认为可以抵消THC的一些不利影响。2005年，Nederwiet的THC含量明显低于2004年。这项研究调查了这些大麻产品中大麻素的进一步减少或增加。 方法 从2005年到2015年，五种不同的大麻产品在50家咖啡店匿名购买，这些咖啡店每年从荷兰的所有咖啡店中随机选择。共购买了2 126个大麻样品，其中包括664个Nederwiet样品（最受欢迎）、537个Nederwiet样品（被认为最强的品种）、183个进口草药大麻样品、140个Nederwiet制成的大麻树脂样品和602个进口大麻树脂样品。所有样品都进行了化学分析，以确定其THC，CBD和大麻酚（CBN）含量。 结果 2005年至2015年，最受欢迎和最强的Nederwiet和进口大麻树脂的平均效力分别为16.0± 4.0%，17.0± 3.9%和16.5± 6.3%。进口大麻草（6.5±3.5%）和国产大麻脂（30.2±16.4%）的THC含量分别低于进口大麻脂（β=-10.0，P<0.001）和高于进口大麻脂（β=13.7，P<0.001）。使用线性回归模型研究不同大麻产品的四氢大麻酚随时间的变化趋势。在所有大麻产品中，THC每年总体下降0.22%，降幅不大，但意义重大（P<0.001）。然而，五种产品之间在THC线性轨迹上没有发现显著差异。在所有大麻产品中，只有进口大麻脂含有相对较高的CBD/THC比率（中位数为0.42）。 结论 自2005年以来，荷兰最受欢迎的草药大麻产品的平均四氢大麻酚含量略有下降。流行的Nederwiet类型仍然具有相对较高的THC与大麻二酚的比例。
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Between 2000 and 2005 the average percentage of Δ(9) -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in marijuana as sold in Dutch coffeeshops has increased substantially; the potency of domestic products (Nederwiet and Nederhasj) has particularly increased. In contrast with imported marijuana, Nederwiet hardly contained any cannabidiol (CBD), a cannabinoid that is thought to offset some of the adverse effects of THC. In 2005, the THC content in Nederwiet was significantly lower than in 2004. This study investigates the further decrease or increase of cannabinoids in these cannabis products. METHODS From 2005 to 2015 five different cannabis products were bought anonymously in 50 coffeeshops that were selected randomly each year from all coffeeshops in the Netherlands. A total of 2126 cannabis samples were bought, consisting of 664 Nederwiet samples (most popular), 537 Nederwiet samples (supposed strongest varieties), 183 imported herbal cannabis samples, 140 samples of cannabis resin made of Nederwiet and 602 samples of imported cannabis resin. All samples were analysed chemically for their THC, CBD and cannabinol (CBN) content. RESULTS Between 2005 and 2015, the mean potencies of the most popular and the strongest Nederwiet and of imported cannabis resin were 16.0±4.0%, 17.0±3,9% and 16.5±6.3%, respectively. Imported herbal cannabis (6.5±3.5%) and cannabis resin made from Nederwiet (30.2±16.4%) contained, respectively, less (β=-10.0, P<0.001) and more (β=13.7, P<0.001) THC than imported cannabis resin. Linear regression models were used to study the trends in THC of the different cannabis products over time. A marginal, but significant (P<0.001), overall decline of THC per year of 0.22% was found in all cannabis products. However, no significant difference was found between the five products in the THC linear trajectories across time. Of all the cannabis products, only imported cannabis resin contained a relatively high CBD/THC ratio (median 0.42). CONCLUSION The average tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content of the most popular herbal cannabis products in the Netherlands has decreased slightly since 2005. The popular Nederwiet type still has a relatively high THC to cannabidiol ratio.
Potency trends of delta9-THC and other cannabinoids in confiscated marijuana from 1980-1997.
1980 年至 1997 年没收大麻中 delta9-THC 和其他大麻素的效力趋势。
DOI： --
发表时间： 2000
期刊： Journal of forensic sciences.
影响因子： --
作者：
ElSohly,MA;Ross,SA;Mehmedic,Z;Arafat,R;Yi,B;Banahan3rd,BF
通讯作者： Banahan3rd,BF