Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation.
Master regulators of skeletal muscle lineage development and pluripotent stem cells differentiation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13619-021-00093-5
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发表时间：
2021-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Relaix F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Esteves de Lima J;Relaix F
在脊椎动物中，身体的骨骼肌及其相关的干细胞在发育期间起源于肌肉祖细胞。躯干、头部和四肢肌肉的规格取决于不同遗传层次的活动。躯干和四肢肌肉特化的主要调节因子是配对同源框转录因子PAX3和PAX7。不同的基因调控网络驱动着头部不同肌肉的形成。尽管肌肉祖细胞分化的多种上游调节因子的重新部署，但对肌源性命运的承诺需要早期肌源性调节因子MYF5、MRF4、MYOD和晚期分化标记MYOG的表达。这些基因的表达在整个发育过程中由肌肉祖细胞激活，在肌源性分化的几个波中，构成肌肉生长的胚胎、胎儿和出生后阶段。为了实现成肌细胞定型，同时维持未分化的肌肉祖细胞库，几种信号传导途径调节成肌细胞增殖和分化之间的转换。在肌发生过程中的基因调控网络的识别是至关重要的，在体外协议的发展，以分化成肌再生医学所需的多能干细胞。
In vertebrates, the skeletal muscles of the body and their associated stem cells originate from muscle progenitor cells, during development. The specification of the muscles of the trunk, head and limbs, relies on the activity of distinct genetic hierarchies. The major regulators of trunk and limb muscle specification are the paired-homeobox transcription factors PAX3 and PAX7. Distinct gene regulatory networks drive the formation of the different muscles of the head. Despite the redeployment of diverse upstream regulators of muscle progenitor differentiation, the commitment towards the myogenic fate requires the expression of the early myogenic regulatory factors MYF5, MRF4, MYOD and the late differentiation marker MYOG. The expression of these genes is activated by muscle progenitors throughout development, in several waves of myogenic differentiation, constituting the embryonic, fetal and postnatal phases of muscle growth. In order to achieve myogenic cell commitment while maintaining an undifferentiated pool of muscle progenitors, several signaling pathways regulate the switch between proliferation and differentiation of myoblasts. The identification of the gene regulatory networks operating during myogenesis is crucial for the development of in vitro protocols to differentiate pluripotent stem cells into myoblasts required for regenerative medicine.
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