Nutritional modulation of insulin resistance.
Nutritional modulation of insulin resistance.
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DOI：
10.6064/2012/424780
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Weickert MO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weickert MO
胰岛素抵抗被认为是 2 型糖尿病 (T2DM) 发展的最强单一预测因子。长期食物能量供应过剩，加上体力活动不足，已被认为是导致超重、腹部肥胖、胰岛素抵抗以及最终 T2DM 的最相关因素。相反，低能量饮食几乎总是有利于减肥、减少腹部脂肪量和胰岛素抵抗。然而，持续减肥通常很难实现，而且 T2DM 患者独特的代谢特征进一步影响了成功。因此，研究调节等能量饮食的大量营养素成分的影响是一个有趣的概念，可能会带来更多重要的见解。人们已经声称各种不同的饮食概念和策略对代谢有影响，但往往缺乏随机对照研究的结果，特别是对人类的长期对照干预措施的结果。然而，其中一些概念得到了最近研究的支持，至少在动物模型和人类短期研究中是这样。本文提供了有关营养在调节胰岛素抵抗中的作用的当前文献的更新，其中包括常用饮食概念的与减肥无关的代谢效应的讨论。
Insulin resistance has been proposed as the strongest single predictor for the development of Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM). Chronic oversupply of energy from food, together with inadequate physical activity, have been recognized as the most relevant factors leading to overweight, abdominal adiposity, insulin resistance, and finally T2DM. Conversely, energy reduced diets almost invariably to facilitate weight loss and reduce abdominal fat mass and insulin resistance. However, sustained weight loss is generally difficult to achieve, and distinct metabolic characteristics in patients with T2DM further compromise success. Therefore, investigating the effects of modulating the macronutrient composition of isoenergetic diets is an interesting concept that may lead to additional important insights. Metabolic effects of various different dietary concepts and strategies have been claimed, but results from randomized controlled studies and particularly from longer-term-controlled interventions in humans are often lacking. However, some of these concepts are supported by recent research, at least in animal models and short-term studies in humans. This paper provides an update of the current literature regarding the role of nutrition in the modulation of insulin resistance, which includes the discussion of weight-loss-independent metabolic effects of commonly used dietary concepts.