Child maltreatment, callous-unemotional traits, and defensive responding in high-risk children: An investigation of emotion-modulated startle response.
Child maltreatment, callous-unemotional traits, and defensive responding in high-risk children: An investigation of emotion-modulated startle response.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0954579415000929
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发表时间：
2015-11
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Cicchetti D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dackis MN;Rogosch FA;Cicchetti D
虐待儿童与生理唤醒、情绪调节和对威胁和痛苦线索的防御反应的破坏有关，以及冷酷无情（CU）特征和外化行为的风险增加。冷酷无情（CU）特征的发展模型主要关注导致低唤醒和反社会行为的生物和遗传风险因素，但较少关注环境影响。本调查的目的是测量儿童虐待和高 CU 特质对儿童情绪调节惊吓 (EMS) 反应的独立和综合影响。参与者包括 132 名参加夏令营计划的 8 至 12 岁低收入受虐待儿童 (n = 60) 和未受虐待儿童 (n = 72)。当孩子们观看令人愉快、中性和令人不愉快的 IAPS 图像幻灯片时，会对 110 dB 50 ms 探头做出声音惊吓反应 (ASR)。通过检查人类服务部的记录来评估虐待状况。 CU 特征是使用冷酷无情特质清单 (ICU) 中的辅导员报告来衡量的，行为问题是使用辅导员和儿童的自我报告来衡量的。我们发现整个样本中情绪调节惊吓没有显着差异。然而，虐待状态、虐待亚型和 CU 特征水平的 ASR 存在显着差异。结果表明，受虐待和未受虐待的儿童根据 CU 特征存在不同的生理反应，包括未受虐待/高 CU 儿童的低唤醒途径与受虐待/高 CU 儿童的更规范的生理轨迹显着不同。此外，我们发现在情感和身体上被忽视的儿童的 ASR 较高，这些儿童的 CU 和反社会行为也较高。结果进一步支持了经验和生物学可能影响青少年反社会行为发展的不同轨迹，并强调了潜在的干预途径。
Child maltreatment is associated with disruptions in physiological arousal, emotion regulation, and defensive responses to cues of threat and distress, as well as increased risk for callous unemotional (CU) traits and externalizing behavior. Developmental models of callous unemotional (CU) traits have focused on biological and genetic risk factors that contribute to hypoarousal and antisocial behavior, but have focused less on environmental influences. The aim of the present investigation was to measure the independent and combined effects of child maltreatment and high CU trait on emotion-modulated startle (EMS) response in children. Participants consisted of 132 low-income maltreated (n = 60) and nonmaltreated (n = 72) children between 8–12 years old who attended a summer camp program. Acoustic startle response (ASR) was elicited in response to a 110-dB 50-ms probe while children viewed a slideshow of pleasant, neutral, and unpleasant IAPS images. Maltreatment status was assessed through examination of Department of Human Services records. CU traits were measured using counselor reports from the Inventory of Callous and Unemotional Traits (ICU), and conduct problems were measured using counselor and child self-report. We found no significant differences in emotion-modulated startle in the overall sample. However, significant differences in ASR by maltreatment status, maltreatment subtype, and level of CU traits were apparent. Results indicated differential physiological responses for maltreated and nonmaltreated children based on CU traits, including a pathway of hypoarousal for nonmaltreated/high CU children that differed markedly from a more normative physiological trajectory for maltreated/high CU children. Further, we found heightened ASR for emotionally and physically neglected children with high CU and elevated antisocial behavior in these children. Results provide further support for differential trajectories by which experience and biology may influence the development of antisocial behavior in youth and highlight potential avenues for intervention.